Development of Normal and Cleft Palate: A Central Role for Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)/CCN2

Journal of Developmental Biology
Joseph T TarrSteven N Popoff

Abstract

Development of the palate is the result of an organized series of events that require exquisite spatial and temporal regulation at the cellular level. There are a myriad of growth factors, receptors and signaling pathways that have been shown to play an important role in growth, elevation and/or fusion of the palatal shelves. Altered expression or activation of a number of these factors, receptors and signaling pathways have been shown to cause cleft palate in humans or mice with varying degrees of penetrance. This review will focus on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or CCN2, which was recently shown to play an essential role in formation of the secondary palate. Specifically, the absence of CCN2 in KO mice results in defective cellular processes that contribute to failure of palatal shelf growth, elevation and/or fusion. CCN2 is unique in that it has been shown to interact with a number of other factors important for palate development, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Wnt proteins and transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), thereby influencing their ability to bind to their receptors and mediate intracellular signaling. The role that these fa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 13, 2019·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·Annalisa PalmieriMarcella Martinelli
Apr 6, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Livia Rosa-FernandesGiuseppe Palmisano
Sep 5, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jia LiuJuan Du
Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Katiúcia Batista Silva PaivaAriadne Letra
Oct 31, 2020·Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers·Hadiah Bassam Al MahdiHeba Jafar Sabbagh
Mar 17, 2021·Head and Neck Pathology·Daniela Marta RothDaniel Graf

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