Development of pendulum mechanism and kinematic coordination from the first unsupported steps in toddlers

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Yuri P IvanenkoFrancesco Lacquaniti

Abstract

The inverted pendulum model in which the centre of mass of the body vaults over the stance leg in an arc represents a basic mechanism of bipedal walking. Is the pendulum mechanism innate, or is it learnt through walking experience? We studied eight toddlers (about 1 year old) at their first unsupported steps, 18 older children (1.3-13 years old), and ten adults. Two infants were also tested repeatedly over a period of 4 months before the onset of independent walking. Pendulum mechanism was quantified from the kinematics of the greater trochanter, correlation between kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the centre of body mass obtained from the force plate recordings, and percentage of recovery of mechanical energy. In toddlers, these parameters deviated significantly (P<10(-5)) from those of older children and adults, indicating that the pendulum mechanism is not implemented at the onset of unsupported locomotion. Normalising the speed with the Froude number showed that the percentage of recovery of mechanical energy in children older than 2 years was roughly similar to that of the adults (less than 5% difference), in agreement with previous results. By contrast, the percentage of recovery in toddlers was much lower (b...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1977·The Journal of Physiology·G A Cavagna, M Kaneko
Nov 1, 1976·The Journal of Physiology·G A CavagnaA Zamboni
Jul 1, 1975·Journal of Applied Physiology·G A Cavagna
Feb 1, 1992·Journal of Biomechanics·K Schneider, R F Zernicke
Oct 1, 1989·Physiological Reviews·R M Alexander
Jan 1, 1986·Journal of Biomechanics·R K Jensen
Apr 21, 1972·Science·P R ZelazoS Kolb
Oct 1, 1983·The Journal of Physiology·G A CavagnaT Fuchimoto
Jan 1, 1980·Journal of Biomechanics·S Mochon, T A McMahon
Jan 1, 1994·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·A E MinettiG Ferretti
Jun 1, 1996·The Journal of Physiology·G D MuirJ D Steeves
Aug 1, 1996·The Journal of Physiology·N A BorgheseF Lacquaniti
May 23, 1998·The Journal of Physiology·J F YangR Vishram
May 30, 1998·Journal of Neurophysiology·L BianchiF Lacquaniti
Jun 30, 1998·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·L BianchiF Lacquaniti
Jan 14, 2000·European Journal of Endocrinology·A E MinettiA Sartorio
Feb 7, 2001·Science·M H DickinsonS Lehman
May 18, 2001·Experimental Brain Research·G CheronF Lacquaniti
Jun 5, 2001·The Journal of Physiology·M Y Pang, J F Yang
Jun 8, 2001·News in Physiological Sciences : an International Journal of Physiology Produced Jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society·F. LacquanitiM. Zago
Jun 25, 2002·Trends in Neurosciences·Charles Capaday
Jul 20, 2002·Gait & Posture·Naoko Yaguramaki, Tasuku Kimura
Oct 3, 2002·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Volker Dietz
Jan 16, 2003·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Franco Saibene, Alberto E Minetti
Feb 26, 2003·Journal of Biomechanics·Christopher L Vaughan
May 15, 2003·Trends in Neurosciences·Richard Poppele, Gianfranco Bosco
Jul 25, 2003·The Journal of Experimental Biology·G J BastienB Schepens
Jan 1, 1963·Journal of Applied Physiology·G A CAVAGNAR MARGARIA
Dec 12, 2003·Journal of Neurophysiology·Grégoire Courtine, Marco Schieppati
Dec 24, 2003·The Journal of Experimental Biology·A N AhnA A Biewener
Jan 14, 2004·The Journal of Experimental Biology·B SchepensP A Willems
Jun 1, 1983·Journal of Motor Behavior·P R Zelazo

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 14, 2011·Experimental Brain Research·Claudia CasellatoThierry Pozzo
Jul 28, 2009·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Benedicte Schepens, Christine Detrembleur
May 10, 2013·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Jonathan Samir Matthis, Brett R Fajen
May 20, 2006·Journal of Motor Behavior·Masayoshi Kubo, Beverly D Ulrich
Sep 14, 2006·Journal of Motor Behavior·Julia LooperBeverly D Ulrich
Jul 24, 2013·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Howard J HillstromPaul R Scherer
Nov 19, 2011·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Marco IosaDaniela Morelli
Mar 23, 2010·Gait & Posture·P Van de WalleA Hallemans
Oct 9, 2014·Child Development·Marianne Barbu-RothJoëlle Provasi
Apr 14, 2012·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Francesco LacquanitiMyrka Zago
Jun 23, 2012·Infant Behavior & Development·Noël Bonneuil, Blandine Bril
Nov 9, 2016·Frontiers in Physiology·Germana CappelliniFrancesco Lacquaniti
Sep 8, 2006·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Jaynie F Yang, Monica Gorassini
Jul 27, 2012·Prosthetics and Orthotics International·Nicola Eddison, Nachiappan Chockalingam
Sep 9, 2017·Prosthetics and Orthotics International·Elaine OwenAndrew Hansen
Nov 23, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Francesco LacquanitiMyrka Zago
Sep 25, 2014·Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association·Melanie A BucklandUNKNOWN Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Research Team
Apr 27, 2018·Journal of Applied Physiology·A H DewolfP A Willems
Oct 24, 2017·Developmental Science·Do Kyeong LeeKaren E Adolph
Jul 22, 2018·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Maria Cristina BisiRita Stagni
Sep 27, 2018·Annual Review of Psychology·Karen E Adolph, Justine E Hoch
Jan 14, 2005·Journal of Neurophysiology·Grégoire CourtineV Reggie Edgerton
Mar 24, 2006·Journal of Neurophysiology·G CappelliniF Lacquaniti
Jan 26, 2007·Journal of Neurophysiology·Nadia DominiciFrancesco Lacquaniti
Dec 4, 2009·Journal of Neurophysiology·Germana CappelliniFrancesco Lacquaniti
Apr 30, 2004·Journal of Neurophysiology·Yikun Huang, John P Miller
May 15, 2020·Experimental Brain Research·Rachel Mowbray, Dorothy Cowie
Jan 22, 2010·Journal of Neurophysiology·Nadia DominiciFrancesco Lacquaniti
Jul 21, 2017·Science Translational Medicine·Jean-Baptiste MignardotGrégoire Courtine
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Germana CappelliniYury Ivanenko
Jul 11, 2018·Frontiers in Physiology·Marie-Pascale CôtéMaria Knikou
Oct 17, 2019·Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience·Hiroko OshimaKazuo Tsuchiya
Nov 18, 2018·Developmental Psychobiology·Whitney G ColeKaren E Adolph
Jul 14, 2020·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Karen R SwanLouise T Humphrey

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.