Development of the long bones in the hands and feet of children: radiographic and MR imaging correlation

Pediatric Radiology
Tal LaorHong Yin

Abstract

The long bones of the hands and feet in children have an epiphyseal end with a secondary center of ossification and an adjacent transverse physis. In contrast to other long bones in the body, the opposite end in the hands and feet, termed the non-epiphyseal end, is characterized by direct metaphyseal extension of bone to complete terminal ossification. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the developmental stages of each end of the long bones of the hands and feet with radiographic and MR imaging to provide a foundation from which to differentiate normal from abnormal growth.

References

Dec 1, 1975·Australian Paediatric Journal·J A Birkbeck
Jan 1, 1981·Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics·T R Light, J A Ogden
Jan 1, 1994·Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics·J A OgdenR J Belsole
Jan 17, 2002·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Roberto Rivas, Frederic Shapiro
Jun 17, 2008·Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases·Samia A Temtamy, Mona S Aglan
Feb 24, 2012·The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume·D Limb, P R Loughenbury
Jul 6, 2015·The Journal of Hand Surgery·Douglas T Hutchinson, Ryan Sullivan

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