Development of Velopharyngeal Closure for Vocalization During the First 2 Years of Life

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
Kate Bunton, J D Hoit

Abstract

The vocalizations of young infants often sound nasalized, suggesting that the velopharynx is open during the 1st few months of life. Whereas acoustic and perceptual studies seemed to support the idea that the velopharynx closes for vocalization by about 4 months of age, an aeromechanical study contradicted this (Thom, Hoit, Hixon, & Smith, 2006). Thus, the current large-scale investigation was undertaken to determine when the velopharynx closes for speech production by following infants during their first 2 years of life. This longitudinal study used nasal ram pressure to determine the status of the velopharynx (open or closed) during spontaneous speech production in 92 participants (46 male, 46 female) studied monthly from age 4 to 24 months. The velopharynx was closed during at least 90% of the utterances by 19 months, though there was substantial variability across participants. When considered by sound category, the velopharynx was closed from most to least often during production of oral obstruents, approximants, vowels (only), and glottal obstruents. No sex effects were observed. Velopharyngeal closure for spontaneous speech production can be considered complete by 19 months, but closure occurs earlier for speech sounds w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 8, 2020·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Ray D Kent, Carrie Rountrey
Jan 15, 2021·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·David J ZajacDaniela Vivaldi
Apr 17, 2021·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Ray D Kent
Nov 18, 2021·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Seunghee Ha, Kimbrough D Oller

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