Developmental changes during childhood in single-letter acuity and its crowding by surrounding contours

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Seong Taek JeonTerri L Lewis

Abstract

Crowding refers to impaired target recognition caused by surrounding contours. We investigated the development of crowding in central vision by comparing single-letter and crowding thresholds in groups of 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults. The task was to discriminate the orientation of a Sloan letter E. Single-letter thresholds, defined as the stroke width forming the smallest discriminable E, were worse than those of adults (0.83 arcmin) at 5 years of age (1.05 arcmin) but not at older ages (8-year-olds: 0.81 arcmin; 11-year-olds: 0.78 arcmin). The maximum distances over which crowding occurred, as measured in multiples of threshold stroke width, were smaller in adults (2.83) than in the three groups of children, who did not differ from each other (5-year-olds: 7.03; 8-year-olds: 7.84; 11-year-olds: 7.13). Thus, even 11-year-olds are more affected than adults by surrounding contours despite having single-letter acuity that has been mature for several years. The stronger influence of crowding in children may be caused by immaturities in the brain areas beyond the primary visual cortex (V1) where early visual inputs are combined and may contribute to their slower reading speed.

References

Jan 1, 1978·Vision Research·J M Loomis
Nov 1, 1992·Vision Research·D AllenM S Banks
Jun 11, 1991·Perception & Psychophysics·H StrasburgerI Rentschler
Jan 1, 1988·Vision Research·H R Wilson
Jan 1, 1986·Vision Research·C Yuodelis, A Hendrickson
Oct 1, 1985·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·J T Enns, J S Girgus
Feb 1, 1971·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·H Levitt
Sep 1, 1983·Survey of Ophthalmology·K Simons
Oct 1, 1983·Behavioural Brain Research·L J Garey, C de Courten
Feb 1, 1983·Perception & Psychophysics·G Wolford, L Chambers
Dec 13, 1982·Neuroscience Letters·P R HuttenlocherH Van der Loos
Jan 1, 1981·Vision Research·T Pasternak, W H Merigan
Jan 1, 1997·Spatial Vision·D H Brainard
Jun 15, 1999·Vision Research·D EllembergD Maurer
Oct 16, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·I KovácsG Benedek
Jun 5, 2002·Vision Research·Dennis M LeviStanley A Klein
Jul 2, 2002·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·Colleen MacLachlan, Howard C Howland
Sep 28, 2002·Vision Research·Srimant P Tripathy, Patrick Cavanagh
Mar 15, 2003·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Karla ZadnikUNKNOWN Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study Group
Jun 26, 2003·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Andrew CarkeetKah-Guan Au Eong
Sep 1, 1963·Journal of the Optical Society of America·M C FLOMD KAHNEMAN
Dec 29, 2004·Vision Research·Srividhya HariharanStanley A Klein
Jan 13, 2005·Vision Research·E E ParrishR Dougherty
Jan 27, 2005·Journal of Vision·Denis G PelliNajib J Majaj
Feb 19, 2005·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Oliver Ehrt, Robert F Hess
Mar 18, 2005·Developmental Psychobiology·Terri L Lewis, Daphne Maurer
Apr 16, 2005·Journal of Vision·Marialuisa MartelliDenis G Pelli
Apr 8, 2006·Journal of Research in Reading·Beth A O'BrienGordon E Legge
Nov 3, 2006·Vision Research·Helle K FalkenbergPeter J Bex
Sep 12, 2007·Vision Research·Miyoung KwonBrock R Dubbels
Jan 26, 2008·Journal of Vision·Denis G PelliNajib J Majaj
Jan 26, 2008·Journal of Vision·Dennis M LeviDenis G Pelli
Jul 24, 2008·Cognitive Neuropsychology·G Brian Thompson
Aug 4, 2009·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·J Daniel TwelkerUNKNOWN CLEERE Study Group
Sep 19, 2009·Journal of Vision·Faraz FarzinDavid Whitney
Jan 8, 2010·Journal of Vision·Steven C DakinRoger J Watt

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 6, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marco ZorziJohannes C Ziegler
Oct 29, 2013·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Kristina Moll, Manon Jones
Mar 19, 2013·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Bianca HuurnemanRalf F A Cox
Mar 23, 2011·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·David Whitney, Dennis M Levi
Aug 2, 2013·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Nicola S Anstice, Benjamin Thompson
Nov 30, 2012·Seeing and Perceiving·Seong Taek JeonTerri L Lewis
Dec 3, 2014·Developmental Science·Timothy D SweenyDavid Whitney
May 23, 2012·Strabismus·Marjoke J DekkerMaria M van Genderen
Jul 28, 2016·Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·C Kuhli-HattenbachT Kohnen
Jul 25, 2017·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Fahad M AlmoqbelSusan J Leat
Aug 4, 2018·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Annemiek D BarsingerhornJeroen Goossens
Aug 1, 2018·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Ananth SailoganathanJohn Siderov
May 3, 2011·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Yvonne Norgett, John Siderov
Jul 19, 2019·Journal of Vision·Audrey M B Wong-Kee-YouScott A Adler
May 16, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Sarah J Waugh, Monika A Formankiewicz
Jun 3, 2020·Scientific Reports·Bianca HuurnemanJeroen Goossens
Mar 6, 2015·Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·Kristin M GalettaLaura J Balcer
Nov 25, 2020·Developmental Psychobiology·Benjamin Balas, Alyson Saville
Sep 10, 2021·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science·Julie Markant, Dima Amso

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Vision
Marialuisa MartelliPierluigi Zoccolotti
Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
Ying PanMulti-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved