Developmental Peculiarities and Seed-Borne Endophytes in Quinoa: Omnipresent, Robust Bacilli Contribute to Plant Fitness

Frontiers in Microbiology
Andrea Pitzschke

Abstract

Among potential climate change-adapted crops for future agriculture, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a facultative halophyte plant with exceptional nutritional properties, stands out as a prime candidate. This work examined how quinoa deals with extreme situations during seed rehydration. Quinoa distinguishes itself from other plants in multiple ways. It germinates within minutes, even under extremely hostile conditions. Broken seeds/split embryos are able to regenerate. Furthermore, quinoa seedlings are resurrection-competent. These peculiarities became in part explainable upon discovery of seed-borne microorganisms. 100% of quinoa seeds, from different sources, are inhabited by diverse members of the genus Bacillus. These endophytes are motile and reside in all seedling organs, indicating vertical transmission. Owing to their high catalase activities and superoxide contents the bacteria potentially manipulate the host's redox status. Superoxide-driven cell expansion enables quinoa to overcome a critical period in development, seedling establishment. Quinoa's immediate confrontation with "foreign" reactive oxygen species and bacterial elicitors likely induces a naturally primed state, enabling plants to withstand extreme situatio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 11, 2017·Microorganisms·Anna Carolin FrankJackie E Shay
Apr 24, 2020·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Carla de la Fuente CantóLaurent Laplaze
Dec 23, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Murali Gopal, Alka Gupta
Feb 9, 2018·Plant and Soil·Andrea Pitzschke
Dec 7, 2018·Plants·Leonardo HinojosaKevin M Murphy

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KU510076-KU510083

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

phylogram
Alignment
ClustalW2
Quinoa

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