Developments in the production and quality control of poliovirus vaccines -- historical perspectives

Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
J Furesz

Abstract

Using virus grown in monkey kidney cells, Salk and his colleagues developed an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 1952. A large-scale field trial showed the vaccine to be safe and highly immunogenic in children, but soon after the vaccine became generally available in 1955, cases of paralytic disease were reported in recipients. Investigations showed that almost all the cases occurred in children who had received vaccine from one particular manufacturer. Extensive studies attributed the disaster to problems with inactivation. Addition of a Seitz filtration step midway during formalin inactivation and extension of the inactivation period resulted in a safe vaccine. No further paralytic cases were observed following the use of several hundred million doses of this improved vaccine. Thus, IPV was safe and caused a dramatic decline in the incidence of poliomyelitis in countries where it was used. A second generation IPV is produced in fermentors using well-characterized cell strains or continuous cell lines. The major breakthrough in the development of live poliovirus vaccine was the application of tissue culture methods for virus attenuation. By 1959 several candidate live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) had been developed. Th...Continue Reading

References

Dec 17, 1981·The New England Journal of Medicine·E A MortimerJ F Fraumeni
May 1, 1984·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·A Von SeefriedE W Pearson
May 1, 1984·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·B J MontagnonJ C Vincent-Falquet
Dec 10, 1955·Journal of the American Medical Association·D BODIANJ A SHANNON
Mar 1, 1957·American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health·T FRANCIS
May 1, 1961·Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine·B E EDDYR D YOUNG

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Citations

Feb 5, 2013·Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization·Y SatoY Kino
Dec 18, 2007·Pharmazie in unserer Zeit·Axel Helmstädter
Jul 6, 2014·Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization·Ozan S KumruDavid B Volkin
Apr 7, 2017·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Shunya NakayamaNaohide Ageyama

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