Dexmedetomidine reduces cranial temperature in hypothermic neonatal rats

Pediatric Research
Ryan M McAdamsSandra E Juul

Abstract

The α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is increasingly used for prolonged sedation of critically ill neonates, but there are currently no data evaluating possible consequences of prolonged neonatal DEX exposure. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and histological consequences of neonatal DEX exposure. DEX was administered (s.c.) to naive (uninjured) neonatal Lewis rats to provide acute (25 µg/kg, ×1) or prolonged (25 µg/kg three times daily, ×2 or ×4 d) exposure. Therapeutic hypothermia was simulated using a water-cooled blanket. Cranial temperatures were measured using an infrared thermometer. DEX concentrations were measured by LC-MS in plasma and homogenized brainstem tissue for pharmacokinetic analysis. Cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem were evaluated for evidence of inflammation or injury. Prolonged neonatal DEX exposure was not associated with renal or brain pathology or indices of gliosis, macrophage activation, or apoptosis in either hypothermic or control rats. Plasma and brain DEX concentrations were tightly correlated. DEX peaked within 15 min in brain and reduced cranial temperature from 32 to 30 °C within 30 min after injection in cooled rats. Prolonged DEX treatment in neonatal rats was not associated with...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 16, 2016·Clinics in Perinatology·Ryan M McAdams, Sandra E Juul
Feb 23, 2017·Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology·Jeffrey J Pasternak, William L Lanier
Mar 10, 2018·Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology·Jeffrey J Pasternak, William L Lanier
Aug 17, 2016·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Jia-Ren LiuSulpicio G Soriano
Jun 5, 2018·Neural Regeneration Research·Dong WangJian-Ning Zhang
Mar 12, 2020·Anesthesiology Research and Practice·Ryan M McAdamsDanny D Shen
May 21, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Yang ZhaoShilei Wang
Jul 4, 2021·Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine·Christopher McPhersonUNKNOWN Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee

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