Diacetyl exposures in the flavor manufacturing industry

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
J W MartynyC S Rose

Abstract

Recently, worker exposures to diacetyl, a chemical used in the production of butter popcorn, has been linked to bronchiolitis obliterans, a severe lung disease. This chemical is also used in the flavor industry to confer a buttery flavor to many food products, with more than 228,000 pounds used in 2005. Diacetyl exposures were monitored at 16 small-to medium-sized flavor facilities to determine potential diacetyl exposures. A total of 181 diacetyl samples (both personal and area samples) were obtained, and a number of real-time samples were collected using an IR spectrometer. Samples were obtained during liquid and powder compounding operations at the facilities as well as during laboratory and QC operations. The personal and area samples ranged from non-detectable (<0.02 ppm) to as high as 60 ppm. Ninety-two (51%) of the samples were below the limit of detection, and the mean diacetyl concentration for all processes was 1.80 ppm. Mean diacetyl levels during powder operations were generally higher (4.24 ppm) than mean diacetyl levels during liquid operations (2.02 ppm). Maximum real-time diacetyl exposures during powder operations could reach as high as 525 ppm. These results are similar to exposures measured by NIOSH in popcor...Continue Reading

References

Aug 2, 2002·The New England Journal of Medicine·Kathleen KreissPaul L Enright
Dec 20, 2002·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·A F HubbsW G Jones
Dec 16, 2003·The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology·Amnat PakdeetoSomboon Tanasupawat
Jul 27, 2004·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·D Linn HolnessG Malcolm Sinclair
Aug 31, 2004·The European Respiratory Journal·M Akpinar-ElciK Kreiss
Mar 15, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Greg KullmanKathleen Kreiss
Feb 14, 2006·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Richard KanwalKathleen Kreiss
May 26, 2006·International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health·Muge Akpinar-ElciPaul L Enright
Sep 27, 2006·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Randy BoylsteinKathleen Kreiss
Jun 2, 2007·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Frits G B G J van RooyDick J J Heederik

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 23, 2010·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Kenneth L WhiteCarol Rice
Mar 3, 2009·Radiologic Clinics of North America·Sudhakar N J Pipavath, Eric J Stern
Jun 22, 2010·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Thomas J KimKathleen Kreiss
Jul 24, 2014·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Brian D CurwinLauralynn T McKernan
Sep 7, 2013·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Stacey E AndersonB Jean Meade
Mar 22, 2014·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Deborah V L HirstNicholas Sestito
Jun 4, 2014·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Kristin J CummingsKathleen Kreiss
Apr 18, 2014·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Takayuki Shibamoto
Jul 27, 2018·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Ethan D Fechter-LeggettKristin J Cummings
Jan 14, 2016·Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine·Van K Holden, Stella E Hines
Aug 2, 2018·BioMed Research International·Letícia Dias Lima JedlickaNilson Antonio Assunção
Aug 15, 2013·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Eric J ZacconeJeffrey S Fedan
Jun 9, 2020·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Jean M Cox-GanserKristin J Cummings
Mar 6, 2012·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Swati S MoreRobert Vince
Jun 27, 2012·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Swati S MoreRobert Vince

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

Excel
FEMA
Access

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.