PMID: 16646747May 2, 2006Paper

Diagnosing bipolar disorder: how can we do it better?

The Medical Journal of Australia
Michael BerkGin S Malhi

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is essential for effective treatment. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder is particularly complex, resulting in lengthy delays between first presentation and initiation of appropriate therapy. Inappropriate therapy destabilises the course and outcome of the disease. Although the defining features of bipolar disorder are manic or hypomanic episodes, patients typically present for treatment of depression and commonly deny symptoms of mood elevation. A correct diagnosis can easily be masked by comorbidities, personality issues and complex phenomenology. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder can be assisted by: asking about symptoms of mania or hypomania in every patient presenting with symptoms of depression. recognising mixed states in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously. identifying the features of bipolar depression that distinguish it from unipolar depression. There is a risk of over-diagnosis of bipolar disorder among patients who are histrionic, show abnormal illness behaviour and/or have issues of secondary gain.

References

Jul 1, 1992·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·M A Bowring, M Kovacs
Sep 1, 1994·The American Journal of Psychiatry·S C DilsaverK J Krajewski
Mar 1, 1997·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·E C Harris, B Barraclough
Mar 27, 1998·Comprehensive Psychiatry·G PerugiE Bemi
Jun 5, 1999·Journal of Affective Disorders·S N GhaemiK Goodwin
Nov 7, 1999·The Psychiatric Clinics of North America·H S Akiskal, O Pinto
Dec 11, 1999·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·L FranchiniM Gasperini
Nov 15, 2000·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·S N GhaemiF K Goodwin
Aug 2, 2001·The American Journal of Psychiatry·J F GoldbergJ E Whiteside
Sep 5, 2001·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·L TondoR J Baldessarini
May 20, 2003·CNS Drugs·Leonardo TondoRoss Baldessarini
Jan 2, 2004·The American Journal of Psychiatry·S Nassir GhaemiRoss J Baldessarini
Mar 12, 2004·Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·Robert M. A. Hirschfeld
Jul 1, 2004·Bipolar Disorders·Gianni L FaeddaNancy B Austin
Nov 16, 2004·Bipolar Disorders·Michael BerkDavid Castle
Apr 6, 2005·Archives of General Psychiatry·Jeffrey A LiebermanUNKNOWN HGDH Study Group
May 19, 2005·Bipolar Disorders·Andrea FagioliniEllen Frank
May 24, 2005·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Kiki ChangAllan Reiss
Oct 22, 2005·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Jon A ShawAbram M Hostetter

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 19, 2013·TheScientificWorldJournal·Amna A GhouseJair C Soares
May 7, 2015·Revista brasileira de psiquiatria : orgão oficial da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Asociación Psiquiátrica de la América Latina·Adauto S ClementeÉrico Castro-Costa
Jun 13, 2015·Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice·Anthony Fry, Tania L Gergel
Feb 7, 2007·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·G S Malhi, M Berk
Nov 20, 2014·CNS Spectrums·Leslie Citrome
Jun 23, 2009·Bipolar Disorders·Gin S MalhiMichael Berk
Feb 27, 2019·Journal of Affective Disorders·Anna Van MeterChristoph U Correll

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by manic and/or depressive episodes and associated with uncommon shifts in mood, activity levels, and energy. Discover the latest research this illness here.