Diagnosing central nervous system trypanosomiasis: two stage or not to stage?

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Peter Ge Kennedy

Abstract

One of the most difficult issues in the management of patients with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is the reliable distinction between early-stage disease and late-stage disease where the trypanosomes have traversed the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there is no universal consensus for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings that define late-stage HAT and provide the rationale for treatment with toxic drugs for CNS disease. Whilst some clinicians use the WHO CSF criteria, others use alternative findings to define late-stage disease. Novel analyses in CSF of patients are urgently required for more accurate diagnostic staging.

References

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Apr 30, 2003·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Veerle LejonPhilippe Büscher
Feb 18, 2004·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Peter G E Kennedy
Dec 14, 2004·Acta Tropica·Alain BuguetRaymond Cespuglio
Jan 18, 2005·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·François ChappuisPhilippe Büscher

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Citations

Dec 24, 2008·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Eric M FèvrePascal Lutumba
Jun 26, 2009·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Alexandre HainardJean-Charles Sanchez
Feb 25, 2011·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Sue C GradyPaul F McCord
Feb 2, 2013·Clinical and Translational Medicine·Natalia TibertiJean-Charles Sanchez
Aug 12, 2008·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Roger Hanif Armour
Sep 22, 2010·European Journal of Pharmacology·Xuanmao ChenJohn F MacDonald
Oct 17, 2009·Lancet·Reto BrunChristian Burri
Mar 10, 2009·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Jean Rodgers
Mar 21, 2009·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Bertrand CourtiouxSylvie Bisser
Aug 30, 2008·Annals of Neurology·Peter G E Kennedy
Oct 8, 2009·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Bernard BouteilleAlain Buguet
Jun 4, 2010·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Peter G E Kennedy
Aug 21, 2010·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP·Natalia TibertiJean-Charles Sanchez
Sep 21, 2017·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Sabrina D LamourJeremy M Sternberg
Aug 31, 2019·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Jean RodgersPeter G E Kennedy

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