Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection: an update for clinicians

Australian Veterinary Journal
Mark E WestmanJ M Norris

Abstract

With the commercial release in Australia in 2004 of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV; Fel-O-Vax FIV®), the landscape for FIV diagnostics shifted substantially. Point-of-care (PoC) antibody detection kits, which had been the mainstay for diagnosing FIV infection since the early 1990s, were no longer considered accurate to use in FIV-vaccinated cats, because of the production of vaccine-induced antibodies that were considered indistinguishable from those produced in natural FIV infections. Consequently, attention shifted to alternative diagnostic methods such as nucleic acid detection. However, over the past 5 years we have published a series of studies emphasising that FIV PoC test kits vary in their methodology, resulting in differing accuracy in FIV-vaccinated cats. Importantly, we demonstrated that two commercially available FIV antibody test kits (Witness™ and Anigen Rapid™) were able to accurately distinguish between FIV-vaccinated and FIV-infected cats, concluding that testing with either kit offers an alternative to PCR testing. This review summarises pertinent findings from our work published in a variety of peer-reviewed research journals to inform veterinarians (particularly veterinarians in Austral...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R A OlmstedP R Johnson
Mar 6, 1982·The Veterinary Record·O JarrettM F Stewart
Apr 3, 1982·The Veterinary Record·O JarrettK Weijer
Aug 1, 1996·Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (small Animal)·M C Barr
Jun 20, 2001·The Journal of General Virology·R Hofmann-LehmannH Lutz
Sep 11, 2001·Australian Veterinary Journal·L J GaborP J Canfield
Dec 1, 2004·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Julie K LevyMargaret R Slater
May 11, 2005·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·P Cynda CrawfordJulie K Levy
Aug 2, 2005·Journal of Virological Methods·Ravi TandonRegina Hofmann-Lehmann
Apr 25, 2006·Australian Veterinary Journal·R K C KannJ Meers
Jul 25, 2006·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Mark D G PinchesSéverine Tasker
Feb 16, 2007·Australian Veterinary Journal·M J Hosie, J A Beatty
Mar 6, 2007·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice·P Cynda Crawford, Julie K Levy
Jul 3, 2007·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Katrin HartmannHerman F Egberink
Mar 29, 2008·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·J K LevyT Hohdatsu
May 6, 2008·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Julie LevyVicki Thayer
Oct 2, 2008·Australian Veterinary Journal·D Iwata, S A Holloway
Jun 2, 2009·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Hans LutzMarian C Horzinek
Jun 2, 2009·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Margaret J HosieMarian C Horzinek
Oct 15, 2009·Future Microbiology·Roderick J ChappelElizabeth M Dax
Sep 2, 2011·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Julia A BeattyVanessa R Barrs
Nov 10, 2011·Viruses·Margaret J HosieBrian J Willett
Mar 10, 2012·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Theresa EnglertKatrin Hartmann
Aug 8, 2012·The Veterinary Journal·Brian J Willett, Margaret J Hosie
Dec 4, 2012·Viruses·Katrin Hartmann
Jun 7, 2013·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Janine Chang-Fung-MartelRichard Squires
Jul 3, 2013·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Karin MöstlMarian C Horzinek
Oct 16, 2015·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Mark E WestmanJacqueline M Norris
Jun 5, 2016·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Mark E WestmanJacqueline M Norris
Jan 31, 2017·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Mark E WestmanJacqueline M Norris
May 27, 2017·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·Jesse S BuchMelissa J Beall

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Katrin Hartmann
Feb 15, 2021·Veterinary Microbiology·P CapozzaN Decaro
Mar 30, 2021·Veterinary World·Kunambiga MummoorthyKiven Kumar
Apr 13, 2021·The Veterinary Journal·Ralf S Mueller, Katrin Hartmann
Jul 7, 2021·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Dilek MuzMustafa Necati Muz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.