Diagnostic test accuracy and prevalence inferences based on joint and sequential testing with finite population sampling

Statistics in Medicine
Chun-Lung SuWesley O Johnson

Abstract

The two-test two-population model, originally formulated by Hui and Walter, for estimation of test accuracy and prevalence estimation assumes conditionally independent tests, constant accuracy across populations and binomial sampling. The binomial assumption is incorrect if all individuals in a population e.g. child-care centre, village in Africa, or a cattle herd are sampled or if the sample size is large relative to population size. In this paper, we develop statistical methods for evaluating diagnostic test accuracy and prevalence estimation based on finite sample data in the absence of a gold standard. Moreover, two tests are often applied simultaneously for the purpose of obtaining a 'joint' testing strategy that has either higher overall sensitivity or specificity than either of the two tests considered singly. Sequential versions of such strategies are often applied in order to reduce the cost of testing. We thus discuss joint (simultaneous and sequential) testing strategies and inference for them. Using the developed methods, we analyse two real and one simulated data sets, and we compare 'hypergeometric' and 'binomial-based' inferences. Our findings indicate that the posterior standard deviations for prevalence (but no...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Feb 22, 2011·Veterinary Microbiology·Søren Saxmose NielsenIan Andrew Gardner
Aug 11, 2007·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·G IhorstM Schumacher
Sep 2, 2006·Statistics in Medicine·Deborah Ashby
Oct 7, 2011·Statistics in Medicine·Anwar E AhmedChristine M Schubert
Jan 23, 2013·Statistics in Medicine·Anwar E AhmedDonna K McClish
Oct 30, 2016·Annals of Epidemiology·S Reza JafarzadehDavid K Warren
Jul 4, 2017·Medical Care·R David Parker, Michael D Regier
Aug 28, 2007·Biometrical Journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift·Dunlei ChengAdam J Branscum
Mar 19, 2008·Animal Health Research Reviews·Locksley L McV MessamIan A Gardner

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