Diagnostics for Nipah virus: a zoonotic pathogen endemic to Southeast Asia

BMJ Global Health
Laura T Mazzola, Cassandra Kelly-Cirino

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that, unlike other priority pathogens identified by WHO, is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is most commonly transmitted through exposure to saliva or excrement from the Pteropus fruit bat, or direct contact with intermediate animal hosts, such as pigs. NiV infection causes severe febrile encephalitic disease and/or respiratory disease; treatment options are limited to supportive care. A number of in-house diagnostic assays for NiV using serological and nucleic acid amplification techniques have been developed for NiV and are used in laboratory settings, including some early multiplex panels for differentiation of NiV infection from other febrile diseases. However, given the often rural and remote nature of NiV outbreak settings, there remains a need for rapid diagnostic tests that can be implemented at the point of care. Additionally, more reliable assays for surveillance of communities and livestock will be vital to achieving a better understanding of the ecology of the fruit bat host and transmission risk to other intermediate hosts, enabling implementation of a 'One Health' approach to outbreak prevention and the management of this zoonotic disease. An improved understanding of NiV vi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 1, 2019·BMJ Global Health·Cassandra D Kelly-CirinoCatharina Boehme
Apr 25, 2020·Viruses·Vinod Soman PillaiMohanan Valiya Veettil
May 18, 2021·International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics·Suraj Kumar SharmaVivek Srivastava
Jun 3, 2021·Micromachines·Ala'aldeen Al-HalhouliMahmoud Abu Abeeleh

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nucleic acid amplification
PCR
ELISA

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