Diatoms synthesize sterols by inclusion of animal and fungal genes in the plant pathway.

Scientific Reports
Carmela GalloAngelo Fontana

Abstract

Diatoms are ubiquitous microalgae that have developed remarkable metabolic plasticity and gene diversification. Here we report the first elucidation of the complete biosynthesis of sterols in the lineage. The study has been carried out on the bloom-forming species Skeletonema marinoi and Cyclotella cryptica that synthesise an ensemble of sterols with chemotypes of animals (cholesterol and desmosterol), plants (dihydrobrassicasterol and 24-methylene cholesterol), algae (fucosterol) and marine invertebrates (clionasterol). In both species, sterols derive from mevalonate through cyclization of squalene to cycloartenol by cycloartenol synthase. The pathway anticipates synthesis of cholesterol by enzymes of the phytosterol route in plants, as recently reported in Solanaceae. Major divergences stem from reduction of Δ24(28) and Δ24(25) double bonds which, in diatoms, are apparently dependent on sterol reductases of fungi, algae and animals. Phylogenetic comparison revealed a good level of similarity between the sterol biosynthetic genes of S. marinoi and C. cryptica with those in the genomes of the other diatoms sequenced so far.

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Citations

Dec 20, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Yung-Husan ChenPing-Jyun Sung
Jun 8, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Sylvain DarnetHubert Schaller
Aug 29, 2021·Plants·Daniela CastigliaSergio Esposito

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
OEU21854
SRP108217
PRJNA561910

Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR

Software Mentioned

MEGA
Genomix 4Life
RSEM
bowtie2
BLAST
Blast2GO
Transdecoder

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