Dichotomy between motor and cognitive functions of midbrain cholinergic neurons

Neurobiology of Disease
Nadine K Gut, Juan Mena-Segovia

Abstract

Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are interconnected with all the basal ganglia structures, as well as with motor centers in the brainstem and medulla. Recent theories put into question whether PPN cholinergic neurons form part of a locomotor region that directly regulates the motor output, and rather suggest a modulatory role in adaptive behavior involving both motor and cognitive functions. In support of this, experimental studies in animals suggest that cholinergic neurons reinforce actions by signaling reward prediction and shape adaptations in behavior during changes of environmental contingencies. This is further supported by clinical studies proposing that decreased cholinergic transmission originated in the PPN is associated with impaired sensorimotor integration and perseverant behavior, giving rise to some of the symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Altogether, the evidence suggests that cholinergic neurons of the PPN, mainly through their interactions with the basal ganglia, have a leading role in action control.

Citations

Jan 22, 2020·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Gerard Derosiere, Julie Duque
Dec 23, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Vasilisa SkvortsovaMathias Pessiglione
Apr 29, 2021·Scientific Reports·Icnelia Huerta-OcampoJuan Mena-Segovia
Aug 11, 2021·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Bárbara CoimbraAna João Rodrigues

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