Dietary acid load and risk of hypertension: the Rotterdam Study

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Marielle F EngberinkJohanna M Geleijnse

Abstract

Mild metabolic acidosis, which can be caused by diet, may result in elevated blood pressure (BP). The analyses included 2241 participants aged ≥55 y who were free of hypertension at baseline (1990-1993) and who had complete dietary and BP data. Dietary data were obtained from a 170-item food-frequency questionnaire. We used 2 measures to characterize dietary acid load: (1) potential renal acid load (PRAL) by using an algorithm including protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and (2) estimated net endogenous acid production (NEAP) based on protein and potassium. HRs for 6-y incidence of hypertension were obtained in tertiles of PRAL and NEAP with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, and intakes of alcohol, fiber, and total energy. We identified 1113 incident cases of hypertension during 8707 person-years of follow-up. The median dietary acid load ranged from -14.6 to 19.9 mEq/d across categories of PRAL. Hypertension risk was not significantly associated with dietary acid load. The multivariate HRs (95% CIs) in consecutive tertiles of PRAL were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), and 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) (P trend = 0.83). The median dietary acid loads were 30.4, 36.7, and 43.7 mEq/d, respectively, in ...Continue Reading

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