Dietary and inhalation intake of lead and estimation of blood lead levels in adults and children in Kanpur, India

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
Mukesh SharmaS Morisawa

Abstract

This research was initiated to study lead levels in various food items in the city of Kanpur, India, to assess the dietary intake of lead and to estimate blood lead (PbB) levels, a biomarker of lead toxicity. For this purpose, sampling of food products, laboratory analysis, and computational exercises were undertaken. Specifically, six food groups (leafy vegetables, nonleafy vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, and milk), drinking water, and lead air concentration were considered for estimating lead intake. Results indicated highest lead content in leafy vegetables followed by pulses. Fruits showed low lead content and drinking water lead levels were always within tolerable limits. It was estimated that average daily lead intake through diet was about 114 microg/day for adults and 50 microg/day in children; tolerable limit is 250 microg/day for adults and 90 microg/day for children. The estimated lead intakes were translated into the resultant PbB concentrations for children and adults using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Monte Carlo simulation of PbB level variations for adults showed that probability of exceeding the tolerable limit of PbB (i.e.,10 microg/dL) was 0.062 for the pre-unleaded and 0.000328 ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 19, 2008·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Martí NadalJosé L Domingo
Nov 6, 2009·International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health·Ananya RoyKalpana Balakrishnan
Jun 13, 2006·Food Additives and Contaminants·E DuffyM J Gibney
Oct 3, 2018·Environment International·Bret EricsonRichard Fuller
Oct 29, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Rajat Nag, Enda Cummins

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