Dietary intake and sources of sodium and potassium among Australian schoolchildren: results from the cross-sectional Salt and Other Nutrients in Children (SONIC) study

BMJ Open
Carley A GrimesCaryl A Nowson

Abstract

To examine sodium and potassium urinary excretion by socioeconomic status (SES), discretionary salt use habits and dietary sources of sodium and potassium in a sample of Australian schoolchildren. Cross-sectional study. Primary schools located in Victoria, Australia. 666 of 780 children aged 4-12 years who participated in the Salt and Other Nutrients in Children study returned a complete 24-hour urine collection. 24-hour urine collection for the measurement of sodium and potassium excretion and 24-hour dietary recall for the assessment of food sources. Parent and child reported use of discretionary salt. SES defined by parental highest level of education. Participants were 9.3 years (95% CI 9.0 to 9.6) of age and 55% were boys. Mean urinary sodium and potassium excretion was 103 (95% CI 99 to 108) mmol/day (salt equivalent 6.1 g/day) and 47 (95% CI 45 to 49) mmol/day, respectively. Mean molar Na:K ratio was 2.4 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.5). 72% of children exceeded the age-specific upper level for sodium intake. After adjustment for age, sex and day of urine collection, children from a low socioeconomic background excreted 10.0 (95% CI 17.8 to 2.1) mmol/day more sodium than those of high socioeconomic background (p=0.04). The major sour...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 7, 2020·Advances in Nutrition·Saiuj BhatJason H Y Wu
Jan 30, 2020·The British Journal of Nutrition·Kristy A BoltonCarley Grimes
Jun 3, 2019·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Milena Sia PerinMarilia Estevam Cornélio
Apr 26, 2019·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Anna Winiarska-MieczanRobert Krusiński
Feb 26, 2019·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Durreajam KhokharCarley Ann Grimes
Jan 19, 2021·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·Sibel YelMuammer Hakan Poyrazoğlu
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Eszter Sarkadi-NagyMárta Bakacs

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