Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity.

Obesity
Anita Røyneberg AlvheimJoseph R Hibbeln

Abstract

Suppressing hyperactive endocannabinoid tone is a critical target for reducing obesity. The backbone of both endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) is the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA). Here we posited that excessive dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), the precursor of AA, would induce endocannabinoid hyperactivity and promote obesity. LA was isolated as an independent variable to reflect the dietary increase in LA from 1 percent of energy (en%) to 8 en% occurring in the United States during the 20th century. Mice were fed diets containing 1 en% LA, 8 en% LA, and 8 en% LA + 1 en% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in medium-fat diets (35 en% fat) and high-fat diets (60 en%) for 14 weeks from weaning. Increasing LA from 1 en% to 8 en% elevated AA-phospholipids (PL) in liver and erythrocytes, tripled 2-AG + 1-AG and AEA associated with increased food intake, feed efficiency, and adiposity in mice. Reducing AA-PL by adding 1 en% long-chain ω-3 fats to 8 en% LA diets resulted in metabolic patterns resembling 1 en% LA diets. Selectively reducing LA to 1 en% reversed the obesogenic properties of a 60 en% fat diet. These animal diets modeled 20th century increases of human LA...Continue Reading

References

May 17, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A BergerV Di Marzo
Oct 9, 2002·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Katherine M FlegalClifford L Johnson
Jul 25, 2003·Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids·S WatanabeT Hamazaki
Jun 19, 2004·Annals of Human Biology·L A Helmchen, R M Henderson
Jul 30, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·Alberto J CabanTerry Pitman
Nov 25, 2005·Endocrine Reviews·Uberto PagottoRenato Pasquali
May 24, 2006·Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Métabolisme·N PerwitzJ Klein
Mar 14, 2007·The American Journal of Medicine·Nisha I ParikhRamachandran S Vasan
Dec 12, 2007·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Lise MadsenKarsten Kristiansen
Mar 18, 2008·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Isabel MatiasVincenzo Di Marzo
Jan 8, 2009·Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators·Jun Wang, Natsuo Ueda
Mar 4, 2011·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Tanya L BlasbalgRobert R Rawlings
Apr 1, 2011·Public Health Nutrition·Stefka PetrovaHannia Campos

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 29, 2013·BioMed Research International·Elisabetta MurruGianfranca Carta
Jul 23, 2013·Lipids in Health and Disease·Arne Torbjørn Høstmark, Anna Haug
Mar 26, 2013·Lipids in Health and Disease·Arne Torbjørn Høstmark, Anna Haug
May 28, 2013·Lipids in Health and Disease·Kjetil BergeVincenzo Di Marzo
Nov 1, 2012·Nutrients·Bill Lands
Jan 21, 2014·Nutrition & Metabolism·Abeer A AhmedSukhinder K Cheema
Jun 14, 2013·International Journal of Endocrinology·Shaan S NaughtonAndrew J McAinch
Mar 7, 2013·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Nicholas V DiPatrizioDaniele Piomelli
Feb 18, 2016·Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry·François-Xavier GamelinElsa Heyman
Sep 1, 2014·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·C D'AddarioM Maccarrone
Mar 8, 2013·Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators·Jeffrey KimBruce A Watkins
Jul 30, 2015·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·J KimB A Watkins
Dec 29, 2015·Current Opinion in Lipidology·Shoug M AlashmaliRichard P Bazinet
Mar 30, 2016·Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids·K J HintzeR E Ward
Apr 23, 2014·BioFactors·Tiziana Bisogno, Mauro Maccarrone
May 11, 2015·The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society·Christopher E RamsdenJoseph R Hibbeln
Mar 22, 2015·Archives of Oral Biology·Lénia RodriguesElsa Lamy
May 24, 2013·Adipocyte·Lise Madsen, Karsten Kristiansen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
reverse transcription PCR
acylation

Software Mentioned

STATISTICA

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.