Dietary Manipulations That Induce Ketosis Activate the HPA Axis in Male Rats and Mice: A Potential Role for Fibroblast Growth Factor-21.

Endocrinology
Karen K RyanYvonne M Ulrich-Lai

Abstract

In response to an acute threat to homeostasis or well-being, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is engaged. A major outcome of this HPA axis activation is the mobilization of stored energy, to fuel an appropriate behavioral and/or physiological response to the perceived threat. Importantly, the extent of HPA axis activity is thought to be modulated by an individual's nutritional environment. In this study, we report that nutritional manipulations signaling a relative depletion of dietary carbohydrates, thereby inducing nutritional ketosis, acutely and chronically activate the HPA axis. Male rats and mice maintained on a low-carbohydrate high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) exhibited canonical markers of chronic stress, including increased basal and stress-evoked plasma corticosterone, increased adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropin hormone, increased stress-evoked c-Fos immunolabeling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and thymic atrophy, an indicator of chronic glucocorticoid exposure. Moreover, acutely feeding medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) to rapidly induce ketosis among chow-fed male rats and mice also acutely increased HPA axis activity. Lastly, and consistent with a growing literature th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 26, 2019·Endocrinology·Karlton R LarsonKaren K Ryan
Jun 12, 2019·Stress : the International Journal on the Biology of Stress·Aki T-B ChaffinKaren K Ryan
Sep 25, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Úrsula Martínez-GarzaJoana Relat
Jul 6, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Krisztina BanfaiKrisztian Kvell
Jan 22, 2021·Cell Death and Differentiation·Mariana Fernandez-Caggiano, Philip Eaton
Apr 20, 2021·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Ed MaunderDavid M Shaw
Nov 12, 2021·Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Ana Raimunda DâmasoRaquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos

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