Dietary Nitrate Lowers Blood Pressure: Epidemiological, Pre-clinical Experimental and Clinical Trial Evidence

Current Hypertension Reports
Lorna C Gee, Amrita Ahluwalia

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator critical in maintaining vascular homeostasis, can reduce blood pressure in vivo. Loss of constitutive NO generation, for example as a result of endothelial dysfunction, occurs in many pathological conditions, including hypertension, and contributes to disease pathology. Attempts to therapeutically deliver NO via organic nitrates (e.g. glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) to reduce blood pressure in hypertensives have been largely unsuccessful. However, in recent years inorganic (or 'dietary') nitrate has been identified as a potential solution for NO delivery through its sequential chemical reduction via the enterosalivary circuit. With dietary nitrate found in abundance in vegetables this review discusses epidemiological, pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the idea that dietary nitrate could represent a cheap and effective dietary intervention capable of reducing blood pressure and thereby improving cardiovascular health.

References

Nov 12, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E G SheselyO Smithies
Mar 1, 1997·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·H LiC Leifert
Feb 1, 1997·International Journal of Epidemiology·A R Ness, J W Powles
May 28, 1997·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·P K WheltonM J Klag
Oct 12, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·K J JoshipuraW C Willett
Jun 20, 2001·Annals of Internal Medicine·K J JoshipuraW C Willett
Oct 4, 2003·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Lydia A BazzanoSimin Liu
Nov 5, 2003·Nature Medicine·Kenyatta CosbyMark T Gladwin
Dec 6, 2003·Hypertension·Aram V ChobanianUNKNOWN National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee
Jun 30, 2004·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Jon O Lundberg, Mirco Govoni
Jan 26, 2005·Archives of Internal Medicine·Martinette T StreppelJohanna M Geleijnse
Oct 1, 2005·Circulation Research·Thomas MünzelAlexander Mülsch
Nov 10, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Thomas G Pickering
Jan 13, 2006·Nature Chemical Biology·Nathan S BryanMartin Feelisch
Jul 21, 2006·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·H O DickinsonJ Mason
Oct 19, 2006·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Edgar R MillerLawrence J Appel
Dec 16, 2006·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Matthias HermannThomas F Lüscher
Dec 29, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Filip J LarsenEddie Weitzberg
Mar 21, 2007·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·UNKNOWN Japanese Society of Hypertension
Jan 3, 2008·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Jon O LundbergMark T Gladwin
Jan 24, 2008·Circulation·Abdul R MaherMichael P Frenneaux
Apr 12, 2008·Journal of Epidemiology·Atsuko SadakaneKazunori Kayaba
Jun 13, 2008·Journal of Human Hypertension·Ho DickinsonJm Mason
Aug 30, 2008·Toxicology Letters·Agnes G van VelzenJan Meulenbelt
Sep 17, 2008·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·Mirco GovoniJon O Lundberg
Apr 29, 2009·Child: Care, Health and Development·Y ChengD Chen
May 15, 2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Norman G HordNathan S Bryan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 31, 2016·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Jack R Lancaster
Jan 20, 2017·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Julie A LovegroveDitte A Hobbs
May 18, 2017·Nutrition Research Reviews·Ann Ashworth, Raul Bescos
May 10, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Karambir NotayPhilip J Millar
Aug 29, 2018·British Journal of Pharmacology·Anthony W DeMartinoMark T Gladwin
Dec 27, 2018·Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc·Andreas ZafeiridisStella Douma
Mar 22, 2018·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Cindy M T Van der AvoortLex B Verdijk
Jul 28, 2019·British Journal of Pharmacology·Konstantina Chachlaki, Vincent Prevot
Jul 5, 2017·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Souhaila Al KhodorIbrahim F Shatat
Dec 7, 2019·Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine·Natalia G VallianouDimitris Kounatidis
Nov 5, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Mary N WoessnerJason D Allen
Oct 3, 2018·Aging and Disease·Linsha MaSonglin Wang
Oct 4, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Joshua M BockDarren P Casey
Dec 8, 2020·Nutrition Research Reviews·H S AlzahraniJ A Lovegrove
Mar 11, 2021·Periodontology 2000·William G Wade
Jun 3, 2021·Metabolites·Cameron HaswellKay Rutherfurd-Markwick
Nov 9, 2020·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·C R AnandSrinivas Gopala

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01206062

Software Mentioned

SPRINT

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antihypertensive Agents: Mechanisms of Action

Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) which aims to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Discover the latest research on antihypertensive drugs and their mechanism of action here.

Antianginal Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

Antianginal drugs, including nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, are used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Here is the latest research on their use and their mechanism of action.