Dietary phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in humans

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
P J JonesC A Vanstone

Abstract

Phytosterols (plant sterols), abundant in fat-soluble fractions of plants, are consumed at levels of 200-400 mg/day in Western diets. Chemically resembling cholesterol, phytosterols inhibit the absorption of cholesterol. Phytosterol consumption in human subjects under a wide range of study conditions has been shown to reduce plasma total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels; however, the response varies widely. Greater cholesterol-lowering efficacy occurs with consumption of the saturated phytosterol sitostanol versus sitosterol or campesterol. Most studies report no effect of phytosterol administration in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or triglyceride levels, although certain evidence exists for an HDL cholesterol raising effect of sitostanol. Phytosterol absorption is limited, although serum phytosterol levels have proven to be important indicators of both cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Serum phytosterols correlate with HDL cholesterol level. In addition, higher phytosterol/cholesterol ratios appear in HDL versus LDL particles, suggesting the existence of an intrinsic phytosterol action, in addition to the extrinsic effect on cholesterol absorption. In conclusion, addition to diet of the phy...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 1, 2005·Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry : IJCB·M I AkpanabiatuE E Edet
Mar 6, 2008·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Maud N VissersJohn J P Kastelein
Jul 10, 2003·Lipids·Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Peter J H Jones
Feb 14, 2008·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J TuomilehtoH Karppanen
Jun 6, 2009·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·T A WoyengoP J H Jones
Jan 14, 2011·International Journal of Impotence Research·M AldemirO Kayıgil
Oct 31, 2002·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·A GeelenM B Katan
Dec 25, 2003·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·C N M Kelly, S A Stanner
Dec 29, 1999·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·D J Jenkins, C W Kendall
Dec 29, 1999·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·C L WilliamsL Campanaro
Aug 30, 2000·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·A DuringB Entressangles
Oct 18, 2001·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·R J NicolosiG J Handelman
May 31, 2007·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Michael J SheridanCraig E Cheifetz
Dec 30, 1998·Current Opinion in Lipidology·I Ikeda, M Sugano
Mar 30, 1999·Current Opinion in Lipidology·T A Miettinen, H Gylling
Jul 16, 1999·BMJ : British Medical Journal·C van Heyningen
Mar 24, 2000·BMJ : British Medical Journal·M Law
Jul 21, 2000·The Western Journal of Medicine·M R Law
Aug 17, 1999·Annual Review of Nutrition·P BrounC Somerville
May 2, 2008·Lipids in Health and Disease·Amira N Kassis, Peter J H Jones
May 19, 2010·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Marie SajfrtováZdenek Wimmer
Sep 28, 2012·Nutrients·Zhidong XuRafat A Siddiqui
Dec 26, 2008·Food & Nutrition Research·Suhad S AbumweisPeter J H Jones
Mar 30, 2004·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·L J LeaP Baldrick
Jan 16, 2014·Journal of Food Science and Technology·A Rajasekaran, M Kalaivani
Apr 18, 2000·Current Anthropology·T JohnsP J Jones
Jun 28, 2011·Chemistry and Physics of Lipids·Guadalupe García-Llatas, María Teresa Rodríguez-Estrada
Mar 7, 2009·Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES·Jun-Hua HanMei-Yuan Feng
Jan 8, 2008·Progress in Lipid Research·Koji Nagao, Teruyoshi Yanagita
Nov 13, 2007·Journal of Food Science·R MohamedM Aguilar
Nov 22, 2001·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·M AnttolainenP Puska

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.