Dietary protein intake and human health

Food & Function
Guoyao Wu

Abstract

A protein consists of amino acids (AA) linked by peptide bonds. Dietary protein is hydrolyzed by proteases and peptidases to generate AA, dipeptides, and tripeptides in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These digestion products are utilized by bacteria in the small intestine or absorbed into enterocytes. AA that are not degraded by the small intestine enter the portal vein for protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues. AA are also used for cell-specific production of low-molecular-weight metabolites with enormous physiological importance. Thus, protein undernutrition results in stunting, anemia, physical weakness, edema, vascular dysfunction, and impaired immunity. Based on short-term nitrogen balance studies, the Recommended Dietary Allowance of protein for a healthy adult with minimal physical activity is currently 0.8 g protein per kg body weight (BW) per day. To meet the functional needs such as promoting skeletal-muscle protein accretion and physical strength, dietary intake of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 g protein per kg BW per day is recommended for individuals with minimal, moderate, and intense physical activity, respectively. Long-term consumption of protein at 2 g per kg BW per day is safe for healthy adult...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1975·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·J D Kopple, M E Swendseid
May 1, 1986·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·C N MeredithV R Young
Nov 1, 1968·American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health·W C Rose
Nov 1, 1981·Clinical Science·M J RennieD J Millward
Jan 1, 1994·Annual Review of Nutrition·M F Fuller, P J Garlick
May 1, 1997·Acta Paediatrica. Supplement·K F Michaelsen
Sep 1, 1997·The Journal of Nutrition·D J Millward
Nov 14, 1997·Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée·P W LemonK E Yarasheski
Jun 22, 1999·International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·A R SkovA Astrup
Dec 1, 1999·International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·A R SkovA Astrup
Jan 21, 2000·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·G WuJ M Rhoads
May 15, 2001·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·D K LevenhagenP J Flakoll
May 31, 2001·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·W W CampbellW J Evans
Aug 9, 2001·Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series. Clinical & Performance Programme·P J ReedsJ B van Goudoever
Jun 11, 2002·Annual Review of Nutrition·Guoyao Wu, Cynthia J Meininger
Jul 18, 2002·The Journal of Physiology·Wayne W CampbellWilliam J Evans
Dec 25, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·William M RandVernon R Young
Jul 29, 2003·Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews·Blake B Rasmussen, Stuart M Phillips
Jul 28, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Camilla HoppeKim Fleischer Michaelsen
May 25, 2005·Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly·Mou DasguptaGuoyao Wu
Jul 28, 2005·The Journal of Nutrition·Donald K LaymanRichard A Boileau
Dec 24, 2005·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Jean-Philippe Bonjour
Jan 21, 2006·The Journal of Nutrition·Layne E Norton, Donald K Layman
Feb 10, 2006·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Shirley A A BeresfordEvelyn Whitlock
Mar 10, 2006·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·Wenjuan Shi JobgenGuoyao Wu
May 9, 2006·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Paul W Macdermid, Stephen R Stannard
Jun 20, 2006·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Shane Bilsborough, Neil Mann
Sep 9, 2006·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Robert R Wolfe
Apr 4, 2007·The British Journal of Nutrition·Peng LiGuoyao Wu
Apr 14, 2007·Annual Review of Nutrition·John T Brosnan, Margaret E Brosnan
May 22, 2007·The Journal of Nutrition·George K Grimble
May 13, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Robert P Heaney, Donald K Layman
Feb 20, 2009·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Nancy R RodriguezSusie Langley
Mar 21, 2009·Amino Acids·Guoyao Wu
Aug 15, 2009·The British Journal of Nutrition·Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre, Herman Adlercreutz
Aug 25, 2010·Annual Review of Medicine·Shontelle DodsonMitchell S Steiner
Aug 28, 2010·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Oliver C WitardKevin D Tipton

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 5, 2016·Nutrients·Elfego GalvanDouglas Paddon-Jones
Sep 30, 2016·Amino Acids·Ryan M ClantonRodolfo Aramayo
Apr 8, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Ryan T HurtBeth Taylor
Nov 4, 2017·Biological Trace Element Research·Dragica NikolicMila Lausevic
Feb 2, 2019·Molecular Biology Reports·Ma I Sánchez-CrisóstomoG Betanzos-Cabrera
Aug 27, 2019·JAMA Internal Medicine·Sanjeev BudhathokiUNKNOWN Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study Group
Jul 10, 2019·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Ayse Humeyra Islamoglu, Emre Batuhan Kenger
Apr 28, 2020·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Stephen J Simpson, David Raubenheimer
Jun 3, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·John-Lewis Zinia ZaukuuZoltan Kovacs
Jun 2, 2020·The British Journal of Nutrition·Francisco Félix CaballeroEsther Lopez-Garcia
Mar 21, 2017·Amino Acids·Luis Gracia-MarcoUNKNOWN HELENA Study Group
Sep 19, 2017·Frontiers in Nutrition·Soumya K KarMari A Smits
Apr 8, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Jan WernermanMenaka Sarav
Jun 7, 2019·Journal of Oleo Science·Bungo Shirouchi, Ryosuke Matsuoka
Oct 31, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Ana S GomesTiziano Verri
Nov 13, 2019·Current Nutrition Reports·Martin HueckerJanese Laster
Jul 14, 2020·JAMA Internal Medicine·Jiaqi HuangDemetrius Albanes
Nov 4, 2016·Amino Acids·Antonio Herbert LanchaFrancois Blachier
Feb 23, 2018·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Cassandra M HerringGuoyao Wu
Dec 5, 2017·Nutrition Reviews·Tyler A Churchward-VenneLuc J C van Loon
Nov 26, 2019·PloS One·Gerlof A R ReckmanCees P van der Schans
Jul 17, 2019·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Maysa Vieira de SousaRonaldo Cardoso
Mar 8, 2020·Obesity·Christoph SanerMatthew A Sabin
Aug 26, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Patricia Savino
Jul 31, 2018·Advances in Nutrition·Malcolm Watford, Guoyao Wu
Nov 16, 2019·European Journal of Nutrition·Eline VerspoorJosje D Schoufour
Jan 8, 2020·Genes & Nutrition·Cătălina CuparencuLars O Dragsted

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anemia

Anemia develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells. Anemia of inflammation (AI, also called anemia of chronic disease) is a common, typically normocytic, normochromic anemia that is caused by an underlying inflammatory disease. Here is the latest research on anemia.