Dietary sodium and plasma volume levels with exercise

Sports Medicine
M J LuetkemeierE W Askew

Abstract

Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid and has a potent influence on fluid movement. Sodium has been likened to a sponge that draws fluids into the extracellular space, including the plasma volume, to equalize gradients in concentration. Conventional wisdom suggests limiting dietary intake of Na+ to decrease risk of hypertension. However, there are some extreme occupational or exercise-related conditions where sweat losses are great and Na+ losses may exceed normal dietary intake. This can occur acutely such as in an ultra-endurance event or chronically as in hard manual work in the hear. In such cases, additional Na+ in the form of a higher Na+ diet or adding Na+ to beverages used for fluid replacement may be warranted. A higher Na+ diet also appears to accelerate the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory adaptations that accompany heat acclimation or short term exercise training. Saline ingestion before exercise causes an expansion of plasma volume at rest and throughout the subsequent exercise bout. This expansion of plasma volume alters cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to exercise in ways that may lead to beneficial changes in endurance exercise performance. Plasma volume expansion also occurs with...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 2, 2011·The Annals of Occupational Hygiene·Nicola A HolmesGraham P Bates
Aug 22, 2008·Wilderness & Environmental Medicine·John S CuddyBrent C Ruby
Feb 26, 2016·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Martin D Hoffman, Kristin J Stuempfle
May 8, 1998·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·R J Maughan
Jun 15, 2006·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Rick L Sharp
Jul 26, 2019·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Shareen BangaSawinder Kaur

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