Dietary sodium reduction does not affect circulating glucose concentrations in fasting children or adults: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Journal of Nutrition
Sheena M PatelMary E Cogswell

Abstract

Although evidence shows that reduced sodium intake lowers blood pressure, some studies suggest that sodium reduction may adversely affect insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. The objectives were to assess the effects of sodium reduction on glucose tolerance, evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the relevant scientific literature, and provide direction for future research. We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science through August 2014. Both randomized and nonrandomized intervention trials were included in our meta-analyses. The effects of sodium reduction on glucose tolerance were evaluated in 37 articles, but because of a lack of comparable data, 8 trials were excluded from the meta-analyses. Participants were 10-79 y old, either primarily healthy or with hypertension. In meta-analyses of 20 randomized, crossover trials (n = 504 participants) and 9 nonrandomized crossover trials (n = 337), circulating glucose concentrations of fasting participants were not affected by reduction in sodium intake. In contrast, in meta-analyses of 19 of the 20 randomized, crossover trials (n = 494), fasting insulin concentrations were 9.53 pmol/L higher (95% CI: 5.04, 14.02 pmol/L higher) with sodium reducti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 2, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Mary E CogswellThomas R Frieden
Jul 28, 2016·Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases·James J DiNicolantonio, James H O'Keefe
Feb 4, 2016·Clinical Nutrition Research·Hyunwoo OhSeung Min Lee
Aug 29, 2017·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Sepideh SoltaniAmin Salehi-Abargouei
Mar 1, 2017·The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging·T M RushL K McEvoy
Feb 12, 2020·Paediatrics & Child Health·Manjula GowrishankarMichael J Rieder

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