Differences in β-cell function and insulin secretion in Black vs. White obese adolescents: do incretin hormones play a role?

Pediatric Diabetes
Sara F MichaliszynSilva Arslanian

Abstract

Black youth are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) than their White peers. Previously we demonstrated that for the same degree of insulin sensitivity, Black youth have an upregulated β-cell function and insulin hypersecretion, in response to intravenous (iv) glucose, compared with Whites. To investigate if the same holds true during an oral glucose challenge and because of the important role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in augmenting insulin secretion, we examined β-cell function and incretin hormones in 85 Black and 78 White obese adolescents, with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with mathematical modeling of plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations to assess β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS), rate sensitivity, potentiation factor, and insulin sensitivity. Incretin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon concentrations were measured during the OGTT. Black obese youth had a heightened early insulin secretion together with significantly greater βCGS, rate sensitivity, and potentiation factor compared with Whites, with no differences in incretin and glucagon concentrations. Basal and stimulated insulin clearance was...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 28, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Stephanie T ChungAnne E Sumner
Nov 9, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Olah HakimLouise M Goff
Feb 14, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Andin FosamRanganath Muniyappa
Jun 4, 2020·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·Meera LadwaLouise M Goff
Nov 30, 2019·Journal of Diabetes Research·M LadwaL M Goff
Dec 11, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Alexandra G YunkerKathleen A Page
Mar 2, 2021·Journal of the Endocrine Society·Stanley AndrisseMelanie Cree-Green

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