Different maternal serum hCG levels in pregnant women with female and male fetuses: does fetal hypophyseal--adrenal--gonadal axis play a role?

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
Mert GolNamik Demir

Abstract

Fetal gender has a significant effect on maternal and cord blood hCG levels, particularly during the last trimester of the pregnancy. However, the reason for this difference is obscure. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether term fetal hypophyseal - adrenal - gonadal axis differs between female and male fetuses thereby causing different hCG levels. The study consisted of 60 women with singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Thirty-one pregnant women were carrying female fetuses, whereas 29 were carrying male. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dehydro-epiandrosteron-sulfate (DHEAS), prolactin and growth hormone levels were measured in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood. In female bearing pregnancies maternal and cord blood hCG levels were significantly higher than in male bearing pregnancies (P<0.001). Maternal and cord blood estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, DHEAS, prolactin and growth hormone levels were not significantly different in either fetal gender. When all patients were considered as a group there were no correlations between fetal hCG levels and any of the measured hormones. Term fetal DHEAS, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, growth hormone ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jul 2, 2005·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Mert GolNamik Demir
Oct 22, 2011·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Adetunji T ToriolaAnnekatrin Lukanova
Jul 30, 2009·American Journal of Epidemiology·Susan J JordanUNKNOWN Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Dec 4, 2013·Urology·Josef OswaldHelga Fritsch
May 15, 2013·Reproductive Biomedicine Online·E A M KuijperC B Lambalk
Dec 8, 2005·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·Mert GolNamik Demir
Dec 2, 2014·Journal of Pediatric Urology·L A FavoritoF J Sampaio
Aug 26, 2015·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Efrat Esh-BroderTogas Tulandi
Nov 17, 2011·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·J A BarryM Thomas
Jul 19, 2016·Hormones and Behavior·Laura M GlynnWendy A Goldberg
Nov 15, 2018·Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine·Laura DettiAna M Tobiasz
Mar 8, 2012·Reproduction, Fertility, and Development·Cheryl S Rosenfeld
Jul 28, 2010·Prenatal Diagnosis·Barbora VlkováPeter Celec
May 15, 2020·Hypertension in Pregnancy : Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy·Zakia M IbrahimOmima T Taha
Mar 6, 2019·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·M BarjaktarovicE A P Steegers
Aug 14, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Kirk P ConradMaureen Keller-Wood
Jan 8, 2021·Biology of Sex Differences·Whitney CowellRosalind J Wright

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