Differential contribution of Bacillus anthracis toxins to pathogenicity in two animal models.

Infection and Immunity
Haim LevyD Kobiler

Abstract

The virulence of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, stems from its antiphagocytic capsule, encoded by pXO2, and the tripartite toxins encoded by pXO1. The accepted paradigm states that anthrax is both an invasive and toxinogenic disease and that the toxins play major roles in pathogenicity. We tested this assumption by a systematic study of mutants with combined deletions of the pag, lef, and cya genes, encoding protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF), respectively. The resulting seven mutants (single, double, and triple) were evaluated following subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) inoculation in rabbits and guinea pigs. In the rabbit model, virulence is completely dependent on the presence of PA. Any mutant bearing a pag deletion behaved like a pXO1-cured mutant, exhibiting complete loss of virulence with attenuation indices of over 2,500,000 or 1,250 in the s.c. or i.n. route of infection, respectively. In marked contrast, in guinea pigs, deletion of pag or even of all three toxin components resulted in relatively moderate attenuation, whereas the pXO1-cured bacteria showed complete attenuation. The results indicate that a pXO1-encoded factor(s), other than the toxins, has a m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 18, 2012·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Rafik DeyIan J Glomski
Jan 15, 2014·PloS One·Haim LevyDavid Kobiler
Jul 22, 2015·Annual Review of Microbiology·Mahtab MoayeriShihui Liu
Mar 16, 2016·Toxins·Sarah FriebeJérôme Bürgi
Apr 18, 2018·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Amir Ben-ShmuelHaim Levy
Sep 24, 2015·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Shay WeissHaim Levy
Jun 9, 2016·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Itai GlinertHaim Levy
Nov 5, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Jacob A MalmquistShauna M McGillivray
Aug 28, 2020·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Rajinder KaurSamer Singh
Jun 25, 2015·Microbiology Spectrum·Susan WelkosChristopher Cote
Sep 8, 2021·Virulence·Atmika PaudelHideaki Higashi

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