Differential detection of impact site versus rotational site injury by magnetic resonance imaging and microglial morphology in an unrestrained mild closed head injury model

Journal of Neurochemistry
Alfredo HernandezMonica J Carson

Abstract

Seventy-five percent of all traumatic brain injuries are mild and do not cause readily visible abnormalities on routine medical imaging making it difficult to predict which individuals will develop unwanted clinical sequelae. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages and early responders to brain insults. Their activation is associated with changes in morphology or expression of phenotypic markers including P2Y12 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Using a murine model of unrestrained mild closed head injury (mCHI), we used microglia as reporters of acute brain injury at sites of impact versus sites experiencing rotational stress 24 h post-mCHI. Consistent with mild injury, a modest 20% reduction in P2Y12 expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis but only in the impacted region of the cortex. Furthermore, neither an influx of blood-derived immune cells nor changes in microglial expression of CD45, TREM1, TREM2, major histocompatibility complex class II or CD40 were detected. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), small reductions in T2 weighted values were observed but only near the area of impact and without overt tissue damage (blood deposition, edema). Microglial morphology was quantifi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 30, 2013·Neurologic Clinics·Laszlo L MechtlerKevin E Crutchfield
Aug 5, 2017·Molecular Neurodegeneration·Taylor R JayGary E Landreth
Jan 22, 2019·Journal of Neurotrauma·Colleen N BodnarAdam D Bachstetter
Mar 9, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Laura N VerboonAndrew D Greenhalgh
Jun 23, 2021·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Kuan-Hui Ethan ChenDjurdjica Coss

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
PCR
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

Volocity Imaging
Metamorph Imaging
Volocity
Matlab
Prism6
SigmaPlot
GraphPad
Paximos

Related Concepts

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Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.