Differential effects of denileukin diftitox IL-2 immunotoxin on NK and regulatory T cells in nonhuman primates.

The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists
Yohei YamadaTatsuo Kawai

Abstract

Denileukin diftitox (DD), a fusion protein comprising IL-2 and diphtheria toxin, was initially expected to enhance antitumor immunity by selectively eliminating regulatory T cells (Tregs) displaying the high-affinity IL-2R (α-β-γ trimers). Although DD was shown to deplete some Tregs in primates, its effects on NK cells (CD16(+)CD8(+)NKG2A(+)CD3(-)), which constitutively express the intermediate-affinity IL-2R (β-γ dimers) and play a critical role in antitumor immunity, are still unknown. To address this question, cynomolgus monkeys were injected i.v. with two doses of DD (8 or 18 μg/kg). This treatment resulted in a rapid, but short-term, reduction in detectable peripheral blood resting Tregs (CD4(+)CD45RA(+)Foxp3(+)) and a transient increase in the number of activated Tregs (CD4(+)CD45RA(-)Foxp3(high)), followed by their partial depletion (50-60%). In contrast, all NK cells were deleted immediately and durably after DD administration. This difference was not due to a higher binding or internalization of DD by NK cells compared with Tregs. Coadministration of DD with IL-15, which binds to IL-2Rβ-γ, abrogated DD-induced NK cell deletion in vitro and in vivo, whereas it did not affect Treg elimination. Taken together, these resul...Continue Reading

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