Differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide synthases in the rat carotid body exposed to intermittent hypoxia

Brain Research
Rodrigo Del RioRodrigo Iturriaga

Abstract

The enhanced carotid body (CB) chemosensory response to hypoxia induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been attributed to oxidative stress, which is expected to increase the expression of chemosensory modulators including chemoexcitatory pro-inflammatory cytokines in the CB. Accordingly, we studied the time-course of the changes in the immunohistological expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ET-1, iNOS, eNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine in the CB, along with the progression of enhanced CB chemosensory responses to acute hypoxia in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to CIH (5%O₂, 12 times/h per 8h) for 7, 14 and 21 days. Exposure to CIH for 7 days resulted in a sustained potentiation of CB chemosensory responses to acute hypoxia, which persisted until 21 days of CIH. The chemosensory potentiation was paralleled by an increased 3-nitrotyrosine expression in the CB. On the contrary, CIH produced a transient 2-fold increase of ET-1 immunoreactivity at 7 days, a decrease in eNOS immunoreactivity, and a delayed but progressive increase of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS immunoreactivity, which was not associated with changes in systemic plasma levels or immune cell invasion within the CB. Thus, present results suggest that the local expression of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 23, 2012·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Joi J Thomas, Jun Ren
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May 18, 2019·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Juliann M Di Fiore, Maximo Vento
Dec 7, 2021·Physiology·Rodrigo IturriagaJulio Alcayaga

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