Differential inhibition of LINE1 and LINE2 retrotransposition by vertebrate AID/APOBEC proteins

Retrovirology
Nataša LindičNika Lovsin

Abstract

The role of AID/APOBEC proteins in the mammalian immune response against retroviruses and retrotransposons is well established. G to A hypermutations, the hallmark of their cytidine deaminase activity, are present in several mammalian retrotransposons. However, the role of AID/APOBEC proteins in non-mammalian retroelement restriction is not completely understood. Here we provide the first evidence of anti-retroelement activity of a reptilian APOBEC protein. The green anole lizard A1 protein displayed potent DNA mutator activity and inhibited ex vivo retrotransposition of LINE1 and LINE2 ORF1 protein encoding elements, displaying a mechanism of action similar to that of the human A1 protein. In contrast, the human A3 proteins did not require ORF1 protein to inhibit LINE retrotransposition, suggesting a differential mechanism of anti-LINE action of A1 proteins, which emerged in amniotes, and A3 proteins, exclusive to placental mammals. In accordance, genomic analyses demonstrate differential G to A DNA editing of LINE retrotransposons in the lizard genome, which is also the first evidence for G to A DNA editing in non-mammalian genomes. Our data suggest that vertebrate APOBEC proteins differentially inhibit the retrotransposition...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 7, 2015·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Binyamin A Knisbacher, Erez Y Levanon
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Jul 30, 2020·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Di ChenKateryna D Makova
Dec 17, 2020·Microorganisms·Yoshiyuki Hakata, Masaaki Miyazawa

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
transfection
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Excel
Hypermut
RepeatMasker
RepeatMasker Update
BLAST
PERL
Galaxy

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