Differential insulin sensitivity of NMR-based metabolomic measures in a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study.

Metabolomics : Official Journal of the Metabolomic Society
Wenyi WangDiana van Heemst

Abstract

Insulin is the key regulator of glucose metabolism, but it is difficult to dissect direct insulin from glucose-induced effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of hyperinsulemia on metabolomic measures under euglycemic conditions in nondiabetic participants. We assessed concentrations of 151 metabolomic measures throughout a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure. We included 24 participants (50% women, mean age = 62 [s.d. = 4.2] years) and metabolomic measures were assessed under baseline, low-dose (10 mU/m2/min) and high-dose (40 mU/m2/min) insulin conditions. The effects of low- and high-dose insulin infusion on metabolomic measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models for repeated measures. After low-dose insulin infusion, 90 metabolomic measures changed in concentration (p < 1.34e-4), among which glycerol (beta [Confidence Interval] =  - 1.41 [- 1.54, - 1.27] s.d., p = 1.28e-95) and three-hydroxybutyrate (- 1.22 [- 1.36, - 1.07] s.d., p = 1.44e-61) showed largest effect sizes. After high-dose insulin infusion, 121 metabolomic measures changed in concentration, among which branched-chain amino acids showed the largest additional decrease compared with low-dose insulin infusion (e.g., Leucine, - 1...Continue Reading

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