Differential pathogenesis of cowpox virus intranasal infections in mice induced by low and high inoculum volumes and effects of cidofovir treatment.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
D F SmeeRobert W Sidwell

Abstract

The causes of death from intranasal cowpox virus infections in mice remain unclear. Hypotheses include severe pneumonitis, hepatitis and/or hyperproduction of cytokines and chemokines. This work explores these hypotheses by studying the influence of low- and high-volume virus inocula on viral pathogenesis. BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with a syncytium-forming variant of cowpox virus in 5 microL or 50 microL volumes containing the same infectious virus challenge dose. The 50 microL infection produced a more rapidly lethal disease associated with severe pneumonitis, high lung and nasal virus titres and increased cytokine and chemokine levels in the lungs and nasal tissue, whilst liver infection was minimal. The 5 microL inoculum infection was also lethal, but the infection was primarily confined to the upper respiratory tract and included elevated nasal cytokine and chemokine levels. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 were particularly high in both infections. Treatment of the infections with cidofovir (100mg/kg/day for 2 days starting 24h after virus exposure) led to survival and suppression of tissue virus titres. Treatment reduced pneumonitis in the 50 microL infection and lessened cytokine hyperpr...Continue Reading

References

Jan 7, 1998·Immunological Reviews·I A RamshawJ C Ruby
Dec 23, 1999·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·M BrayJ W Huggins
Jul 5, 2001·Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy·D F SmeeR W Sidwell
Apr 18, 2002·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Donald F SmeeJohn W Huggins
Mar 5, 2003·Antiviral Research·Donald F Smee, Robert W Sidwell
Jun 6, 2003·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Klaus Pfeffer
Sep 25, 2003·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Debra C QuenelleEarl R Kern
Jan 27, 2004·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Debra C QuenelleEarl R Kern
Dec 4, 2004·Nature Medicine·Thomas W Geisbert, Peter B Jahrling
Oct 24, 2006·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Brian B GowenRobert W Sidwell

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 6, 2009·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Sandra EssbauerMartin Pfeffer
Jul 9, 2011·PloS One·Sophie DuraffourGraciela Andrei
Oct 16, 2013·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Sophie DuraffourRobert Snoeck
Nov 1, 2016·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·Paul GazzaniDavid V Milford
Aug 5, 2010·Veterinary Pathology·J L ChapmanJ W Raymond
Nov 26, 2008·Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy·Donald F Smee
Nov 18, 2009·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Robert A Scism, Brian O Bachmann

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.