PMID: 2492985Jan 1, 1989Paper

Differential responses of expiratory muscles to chemical stimuli in awake dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology
C A SmithJ A Dempsey

Abstract

We assessed respiratory muscle response patterns to chemoreceptor stimuli (hypercapnia, hypoxia, normocapnic hypoxia, almitrine, and almitrine + CO2) in six awake dogs. Mean electromyogram (EMG) activities were measured in the crural (CR) diaphragm, triangularis sterni (TS), and transversus abdominis (TA). Hypercapnia and normocapnic hypoxia caused mild to marked hyperpnea [2-5 times control inspiratory flow (VI)] and increased activity in CR diaphragm, TS, and TA. When hypocapnia was permitted to develop during hypoxia and almitrine-induced moderate hyperpnea, CR diaphragm activity increased, whereas TS and TA activities usually did not change or were reduced below control. Over time in hypercapnia, CR diaphragm, TS, and TA were augmented and maintained at these levels over many minutes; with hypoxic hyperventilation CR diaphragm, TS, and TA were first augmented but then CR diaphragm remained augmented while TS and, less consistently, TA were inhibited over time. Marked hyperpnea (4-5 times control) due to carotid body stimulation increased TA and TS EMG activity despite an accompanying hypocapnia. We conclude that in the intact awake dog 1) carotid body stimulation augments the activity of both inspiratory and expiratory musc...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 1, 1996·Journal of Applied Physiology·J H MateikaR F Fregosi
Apr 12, 2008·Journal of Applied Physiology·Janette L SmithJanet L Taylor
Jun 1, 1991·The American Review of Respiratory Disease·L DinhF Sériès
Oct 1, 1993·The American Review of Respiratory Disease·V NinaneA de Troyer
Jan 21, 2000·Journal of Applied Physiology·D C PooleT I Musch
Dec 21, 2002·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Susan J HolcombeN Edward Robinson
Mar 25, 2005·Physiological Reviews·André De TroyerTheodore A Wilson
Aug 5, 2017·The Journal of Physiology·Isabela P LeirãoGlauber S F da Silva
Nov 1, 1990·Respiration Physiology·R F FregosiW M St John

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