Differentiation pathways and histogenetic aspects of normal and abnormal prostatic growth: a stem cell model

The Prostate
H Bonkhoff, K Remberger

Abstract

A stem cell model is presented for the organization of the prostatic epithelium that may explain normal and abnormal growth in the human prostate. This model is based on recent data indicating that: 1) The three basic cell types encountered in the prostatic epithelium--i.e., secretory luminal, basal, and endocrine paracrine (EP) cells--are linked in the precursor progeny relationship. 2) The proliferative compartment of the normal and hyperplastic epithelium is located in the basal cell layer. 3) The proliferative compartment of the prostatic epithelium is androgen-independent but contains andro-responsive target cells. 4) During the malignant transformation of the prostatic epithelium, the proliferative zone is inverted and shifts to luminal cell types. 5) Formation of neoplastic basement membrane (BM) material is crucial for the development of the invasive phenotype in prostate cancer. 6) The proliferative activities in prostate cancer are exclusively restricted to exocrine cell types, whereas endocrine differentiated tumor cells are postmitotic cells. 7) The majority of exocrine tumor cells are androgen-responsive in contrast to endocrine differentiated cell types that consistently lack the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). In...Continue Reading

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