Difficult People: Who Is Perceived to Be Demanding in Personal Networks and Why Are They There?

American Sociological Review
Shira Offer, Claude S Fischer

Abstract

Why do people maintain ties with individuals whom they find difficult? Standard network theories imply that such alters are avoided or dropped. Drawing on a survey of over 1,100 diverse respondents who described over 12,000 relationships, we examined which among those ties respondents nominated as a person whom they "sometimes find demanding or difficult." Those so listed composed about 15 percent of all alters in the network. After holding ego and alter traits constant, close kin, especially women relatives and aging parents, were especially likely to be named as difficult alters. Non-kin described as friends were less, and those described as co-workers more, likely to be listed only as difficult alters. These results suggest that normative and institutional constraints may force people to retain difficult and demanding alters in their networks. We also found that providing support to alters, but not receiving support from those alters, was a major source of difficulty in these relationships. Furthermore, the felt burden of providing support was not attenuated by receiving assistance, suggesting that alters involved in reciprocated exchanges were not less often labeled difficult than were those in unreciprocated ones. This stu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 24, 2018·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Stacy Torres
Jul 10, 2020·Sociology of Health & Illness·Adam R Roth
Sep 19, 2020·Network Science·Mark C Pachucki, Diego F Leal
Nov 7, 2019·The Gerontologist·Jaclyn S WongLinda J Waite
Jan 1, 2019·Sociological Science·Alexander IsakovNicholas A Christakis
Sep 11, 2020·Journal of Health and Social Behavior·Shira Offer
Dec 23, 2019·Social Science & Medicine·Stephanie T Child, Leora E Lawton
Jul 13, 2021·Social Science Research·Vera de BelEric D Widmer
Dec 18, 2021·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Linda J WaiteAshwin A Kotwal

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