Difficulties and perspectives of immunomodulatory therapy with mistletoe lectins and standardized mistletoe extracts in evidence-based medicine.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM
Tibor HajtóPéter Németh

Abstract

Viscum album preparations are aqueous mistletoe plant extracts used in complementary and alternative medicine as immunomodulators in cancer therapy. However, evidence of immunological efficacy of mistletoe extracts (MEs) used in clinical trials is often lacking. Mechanisms involved in anti-tumor properties of ME and mistletoe lectins (MLs) modify both innate and adaptive immune systems, according to animal model experiments. In the background of these effects, a selective binding of ML on CD75 ganglioside receptors of interleukin 12 (IL-12)-producing macrophages or dendritic cells can play an important role. Immunological effects of ME correlate with their lectin activity, showing a bell-shaped dose-response curve of efficacy. Therefore, a correct determination of MLs for the standardization of commercial ME is essential. However, plant MLs exhibit heterogeneity, which most likely results from post-translational processing. In addition, amino acid analysis of ML has revealed numerous conservative substitutions along their amino acid sequence. Consequently, ML research needs new perspectives, and the advantages and disadvantages of purified and biologically better defined ML preparations are also discussed in this article.

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Citations

Oct 21, 2011·The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine : Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy·Angelika Kirsch, Tibor Hajto
Apr 30, 2011·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Xiu Juan Ye, Tzi Bun Ng
Jul 13, 2011·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Arndt BüssingThomas Ostermann
Mar 31, 2015·Natural Product Research·Jolanta Nazaruk, Przemysław Orlikowski
Nov 8, 2012·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Oliver PodlechUlrike Naumann
Feb 16, 2018·Integrative Cancer Therapies·Friedemann SchadMegan L Steele
Jan 20, 2017·International Journal of Oncology·Sonja SchötterlUlrike Naumann
Oct 30, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Flávia Costa Mendonça-NatividadeMaria Cristina Roque-Barreira
Aug 10, 2017·Journal of Immunology Research·Rahel Mascha StammerCatharina I Delebinski

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked
electrophoresis

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