Dimensional approaches to scaling experimental ecosystems: designing mousetraps to catch elephants

The American Naturalist
John E Petersen, A Hastings

Abstract

Enclosed experimental ecosystems (mesocosms) are small relative to their natural counterparts, are typically operated for short durations relative to the timescales of a number of important ecological processes, and also often have reduced biological and physical complexity relative to nature. These reductions in time, space, and complexity scales have been cited as sources of unrealistic ecological behavior within mesocosms and raise questions about extrapolating results from mesocosms to nature. Dimensional analysis, a technique widely used by engineers to create scale models, uses compensatory distortion as a means of maintaining dynamic similarity in properties and relationships of interest. Although biological parameters are generally less controllable than physical ones, a variety of dimensional approaches can be taken to maintain such key ecological properties as effective habitat size, environmental variability, vertical and horizontal gradients, interactions among habitats, and control of experimental artifacts. To date, application of dimensional approaches to mesocosm design has been largely intuitive and idiosyncratic. We argue that a more explicit, systematic, and quantitative approach will increase realism and may...Continue Reading

References

Nov 15, 1996·Science·J E Cohen, D Tilman
Aug 1, 1991·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Kenneth T PerezJames F Heltshe

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Citations

Jun 4, 2008·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Richard K Zimmer, Cheryl Ann Zimmer
May 17, 2006·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Christine M JessupBrendan J M Bohannan
Nov 12, 2011·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Julie C BlackwoodPeter J Mumby
Jul 25, 2006·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·David L StrayerMichael L Pace
Oct 26, 2016·Ecology and Evolution·T Alex PerkinsBenjamin L Phillips
Sep 4, 2019·PloS One·Lukas MeysickChristoffer Boström

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