Dinoflagellate symbioses: strategies and adaptations for the acquisition and fixation of inorganic carbon

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
William LeggatDavid Yellowlees

Abstract

Dinoflagellates exist in symbiosis with a number of marine invertebrates including giant clams, which are the largest of these symbiotic organisms. The dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium sp.) live intercellularly within tubules in the mantle of the host clam. The transport of inorganic carbon (Ci) from seawater to Symbiodinium (=zooxanthellae) is an essential function of hosts that derive the majority of their respiratory energy from the photosynthate exported by the zooxanthellae. Immunolocalisation studies show that the host has adapted its physiology to acquire, rather than remove CO2, from the haemolymph and clam tissues. Two carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms (32 and 70 kDa) play an essential part in this process. These have been localised to the mantle and gill tissues where they catalyse the interconversion of HCO3- to CO2, which then diffuses into the host tissues. The zooxanthellae exhibit a number of strategies to maximise Ci acquisition and utilisation. This is necessary as they express a form II Rubisco that has poor discrimination between CO2 and O2. Evidence is presented for a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) to overcome this disadvantage. The CCM incorporates the presence of a light-activated CA activity, a capacity...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 1, 2010·Marine Drugs·Benjamin R Gordon, William Leggat
Mar 5, 2008·Plant, Cell & Environment·David YellowleesWilliam Leggat
Feb 15, 2011·Marine Biotechnology·Anthony BertucciDidier Zoccola
Jun 13, 2012·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Simon K DavyVirginia M Weis
Dec 31, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Katie L BarottMartin Tresguerres
Feb 19, 2011·Annual Review of Marine Science·John R Reinfelder
Jul 8, 2016·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Amitabh GhoshalDaniel E Morse
Jul 3, 2013·The New Phytologist·Patrick BradingDavid J Suggett
May 28, 2013·Photosynthesis Research·Raúl E Castillo-MedinaMarco A Villanueva
Aug 2, 2018·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Eric J ArmstrongMartin Tresguerres
Jan 7, 2005·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Sophie RichierDenis Allemand
Apr 23, 2019·Chemosphere·Juliana da Silva FonsecaAdalto Bianchini

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