Direct Addition of Amides to Glycals Enabled by Solvation-Insusceptible 2-Haloazolium Salt Catalysis

Angewandte Chemie
Yuya NakatsujiYoshiji Takemoto

Abstract

The direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of nucleophiles with glycals leads to biologically and pharmacologically important 2-deoxysugar compounds. Although the direct addition of hydroxyl and sulfonamide groups have been well developed, the direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of amide groups has not been reported to date. Herein, we show the first direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of amide groups using a newly designed Brønsted acid catalyst under mild conditions. Through mechanistic investigations, we discovered that the amide group can inhibit acid catalysts, and the inhibition has made the 2-deoxyglycosylation reaction difficult. Diffusion-ordered two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy analysis implied that the 2-chloroazolium salt catalyst was less likely to form aggregates with amides in comparison to other acid catalysts. The chlorine atom and the extended π-scaffold of the catalyst played a crucial role for this phenomenon. This relative insusceptibility to inhibition by amides is more responsible for the catalytic activity than the strength of the acidity.

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Citations

Feb 23, 2020·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Li-Li ZhuYahui Wang
Dec 2, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Yuya NakatsujiYoshiji Takemoto

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