Direct and indirect pathways for choosing objects and actions

The European Journal of Neuroscience
Okihide HikosakaAtsushi Yoshida

Abstract

A prominent target of the basal ganglia is the superior colliculus (SC) which controls gaze orientation (saccadic eye movement in primates) to an important object. This 'object choice' is crucial for choosing an action on the object. SC is innervated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) which is controlled mainly by the caudate nucleus (CD). This CD-SNr-SC circuit is sensitive to the values of individual objects and facilitates saccades to good objects. The object values are processed differently in two parallel circuits: flexibly by the caudate head (CDh) and stably by the caudate tail (CDt). To choose good objects, we need to reject bad objects. In fact, these contrasting functions are accomplished by the circuit originating from CDt: The direct pathway focuses on good objects and facilitates saccades to them; the indirect pathway focuses on bad objects and suppresses saccades to them. Inactivation of CDt deteriorated the object choice, because saccades to bad objects were no longer suppressed. This suggests that the indirect pathway is important for object choice. However, the direct and indirect pathways for 'object choice', which aim at the same action (i.e., saccade), may not work for 'action choice'. One possibi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 16, 2020·Journal of Neurophysiology·DeNard V SimmonsCharles J Wilson
Aug 29, 2019·Science Advances·Hidetoshi Amita, Okihide Hikosaka
Jul 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kianoush Banaie BoroujeniThilo Womelsdorf
Mar 1, 2019·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience·Brian C CoeDouglas P Munoz
Jun 30, 2019·Trends in Neurosciences·Donald Pfaff, Helen Barbas
Jan 21, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jun KunimatsuOkihide Hikosaka

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