Direct Conjugation of Emerging Contaminants in Arabidopsis: Indication for an Overlooked Risk in Plants?

Environmental Science & Technology
Qiuguo FuJay Gan

Abstract

Agricultural use of treated wastewater, biosolids, and animal wastes introduces a multitude of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) into the soil-plant system. The potential for food crops to accumulate CECs depends largely on their metabolism in plants, which at present is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the metabolism of naproxen and ibuprofen, two of the most-used human drugs from the Profen family, in Arabidopsis thaliana cells and the Arabidopsis plant. The complementary use of high-resolution mass spectrometry and (14)C labeling allowed the characterization of both free and conjugated metabolites, as well as nonextractable residues. Naproxen and ibuprofen, in their parent form, were conjugated quickly and directly with glutamic acid and glutamine, and further with peptides, in A. thaliana cells. For example, after 120 h, the metabolites of naproxen accounted for >90% of the extractable chemical mass, while the intact parent itself was negligible. The structures of glutamate and glutamine conjugates were confirmed using synthesized standards and further verified in whole plants. Amino acid conjugates may easily deconjugate, releasing the parent molecule. This finding highlights the possibility that the bioactivit...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 4, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Chengliang SunJay Gan
Dec 11, 2020·Chemosphere·Geoff RhodesHui Li
Jun 18, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Ewa MulkiewiczMagda Caban
Apr 12, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Khang HuynhDawn Reinhold
Nov 14, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Hunter W SchroerCraig L Just
Apr 17, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Jianqiang SunAnping Zhang
Jun 28, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Qing ZhangGuibin Jiang
Nov 15, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Qiuguo FuBenny Chefetz
Jun 30, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Ya-Hui ChuangHui Li
Jul 1, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Weifang ChenGuibin Jiang
Aug 31, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Yuxue ZhangXianyong Lin
Dec 27, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Qingyang ShiJay Gan

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