Direct evidence revealing structural elements essential for the high binding ability of bisphenol A to human estrogen-related receptor-gamma

Environmental Health Perspectives
Hiroyuki OkadaYasuyuki Shimohigashi

Abstract

Various lines of evidence have shown that bisphenol A [BPA; HO-C6H4-C(CH3)2-C6H4-OH] acts as an endocrine disruptor when present in very low doses. We have recently demonstrated that BPA binds strongly to human estrogen-related receptor-gamma (ERR-gamma ) in a binding assay using [3H]4-hydroxytamoxifen ([3H]4-OHT). We also demonstrated that BPA inhibits the deactivation activity of 4-OHT. In the present study, we intended to obtain direct evidence that BPA interacts with ERR-gamma as a strong binder, and also to clarify the structural requirements of BPA for its binding to ERR-gamma. We examined [3H]BPA in the saturation binding assay using the ligand binding domain of ERR-gamma and analyzed the result using Scatchard plot analysis. A number of BPA derivatives were tested in the competitive binding assay using [3H]BPA as a tracer and in the luciferase reporter gene assay. [3H]BPA showed a KD of 5.50 nM at a Bmax of 14.4 nmol/mg. When we examined BPA derivatives to evaluate the structural essentials required for the binding of BPA to ERR-gamma , we found that only one of the two phenol-hydroxyl groups was essential for the full binding. The maximal activity was attained when one of the methyl groups was removed. All of the poten...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 10, 2009·Environmental Health Perspectives·Elizabeth W LapenseeNira Ben-Jonathan
Feb 12, 2010·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·M F L LemosA M V M Soares
Apr 30, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Ayami MatsushimaYasuyuki Shimohigashi
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
saturation binding assay
gel
Protein Assay
saturation assay
transfection
Assay
saturation receptor binding
saturation binding
X-ray

Software Mentioned

ALLFIT

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