Direct imaging of rapid tethering of synaptic vesicles accompanying exocytosis at a fast central synapse

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Takafumi MikiTakeshi Sakaba

Abstract

A high rate of synaptic vesicle (SV) release is required at cerebellar mossy fiber terminals for rapid information processing. As the number of release sites is limited, fast SV reloading is necessary to achieve sustained release. However, rapid reloading has not been observed directly. Here, we visualize SV movements near presynaptic membrane using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Upon stimulation, SVs appeared in the TIRF-field and became tethered to the presynaptic membrane with unexpectedly rapid time course, almost as fast as SVs disappeared due to release. However, such stimulus-induced tethering was abolished by inhibiting exocytosis, suggesting that the tethering is tightly coupled to preceding exocytosis. The newly tethered vesicles became fusion competent not immediately but only 300 ms to 400 ms after tethering. Together with model simulations, we propose that rapid tethering leads to an immediate filling of vacated spaces and release sites within <100 nm of the active zone by SVs, which serve as precursors of readily releasable vesicles, thereby shortening delays during sustained activity.

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Citations

Mar 30, 2021·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Wallace B Thoreson
May 13, 2021·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Nathan A McDonald, Kang Shen
May 30, 2021·Trends in Neurosciences·Melissa SilvaAlain Marty
Oct 7, 2021·ELife·Abdelmoneim EshraStefan Hallermann
Nov 3, 2021·Physiological Reviews·Carolin Wichmann, Thomas Kuner

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