PMID: 8444916Mar 1, 1993Paper

Direct in vitro measurement of forces in the cruciate ligaments. Part I: The effect of multiplane loading in the intact knee

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
D C WascherG A Finerman

Abstract

Specially designed load-transducers that measured the resultant forces exerted by the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments on their respective femoral and tibial insertions were applied to eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric knees for a series of controlled loading experiments. The mean force in the posterior cruciate ligament at 5 degrees of forced hyperextension of the knee was 23 per cent of the mean force in the anterior cruciate ligament. When the knee was hyperflexed by application of 10.0 newton-meters of bending moment to the tibia, the mean force in the posterior cruciate ligament was 55 per cent of that in the anterior cruciate ligament. Quadriceps tendon pull increased the force in the posterior cruciate ligament in twelve of the fourteen specimens to which it had been applied, at 80 and 90 degrees of flexion only. The force generated in the posterior cruciate ligament by applied internal tibial torque was greatest when the knee was in 90 degrees of flexion; the force in the anterior cruciate ligament was greatest when the knee was fully extended. External tibial torque generated force in the posterior cruciate ligament in only eight specimens, and only at 80 and 90 degrees of flexion. The levels of force that were ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 1, 1994·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·F R NoyesC S Roberts
Oct 31, 1997·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·C B Frank, D W Jackson
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Mar 1, 1993·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·K L MarkolfG A Finerman
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