PMID: 18720654Aug 30, 2008Paper

Direct measurement of fugitive emissions of hydrocarbons from a refinery

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
Allan K ChambersPhilip McCready

Abstract

Refineries are a source of emissions of volatile hydrocarbons that contribute to the formation of smog and ozone. Fugitive emissions of hydrocarbons are difficult to measure and quantify. Currently these emissions are estimated based on standard emission factors for the type and use of equipment installed. Differential absorption light detection and ranging (DIAL) can remotely measure concentration profiles of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere up to several hundred meters from the instrument. When combined with wind speed and direction, downwind vertical DIAL scans can be used to calculate mass fluxes of the measured gas leaving the site. Using a mobile DIAL unit, a survey was completed at a Canadian refinery to quantify fugitive emissions of methane, C2+ hydrocarbons, and benzene and to apportion the hydrocarbon emissions to the various areas of the refinery. Refinery fugitive emissions as measured with DIAL during this demonstration study were 1240 kg/hr of C2+ hydrocarbons, 300 kg/hr of methane, and 5 kg/hr of benzene. Storage tanks accounted for over 50% of the total emissions of C2+ hydrocarbons and benzene. The coker area and cooling towers were also significant sources. The C2+ hydrocarbons emissions measured during the dem...Continue Reading

References

Nov 22, 2000·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·M E Bette Meek
Oct 5, 2007·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·David EppersonKarin Ritter
Mar 11, 2008·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Amanda S Persad, Glinda S Cooper

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Citations

Dec 1, 2013·Atmospheric Environment·Isobel J SimpsonDonald R Blake
Dec 6, 2014·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Ryan J BellChristopher G Gill
Jun 28, 2011·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Rod RobinsonMarc Coleman
Nov 10, 2015·Environmental Health Insights·Eduardo P Olaguer
Apr 6, 2011·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Taciana Toledo de Almeida AlbuquerqueRita Yuri Ynoue

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