PMID: 3772829Sep 1, 1986Paper

Directional control and the functional organization of defensive responses in Aplysia

Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
E T Walters, M T Erickson

Abstract

Noxious cutaneous stimulation of anterior sites on Aplysia californica causes withdrawal and turning followed by escape locomotion. Stimulation of anterior sites causes significantly larger turning responses than does stimulation of posterior sites, so that escape locomotion is always directed away from a site of 'attack'. Later phases of escape locomotion are often the same, regardless of the site of the triggering stimulus. The defensive secretions, ink and opaline, are directed along the anterior-posterior axis at the source of noxious stimulation. Ink and opaline ejections are directed to the front or back of the animal by characteristic responses of the siphon, mantle, and parapodia. Ink and opaline are ejected by a series of coordinated pumping movements of the mantle, gill, and parapodia that closely resemble triggered 'respiratory pumping' or 'Interneuron II' episodes (Kupfermann and Kandel 1969; Byrne and Koester 1978; Hening 1982). The directed ejection of secretions from the mantle cavity in response to noxious stimulation suggests a number of potential defensive functions for these secretions including aggressive retaliation, startle display, diversion, and alarm signalling (Edmunds 1975). Taken together, our result...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1979·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E T WaltersE R Kandel
Sep 1, 1979·Behavioral and Neural Biology·B Jahan-Parwar, S M Fredman
Nov 1, 1979·Journal of Neurophysiology·J E KanzH M Pinsker
Dec 28, 1979·Brain Research·W A HeningE R Kandel
May 1, 1977·Journal of Neurophysiology·T J Carew, E R Kandel
Sep 1, 1974·Journal of Neurophysiology·I KupfermannE R Kandel
Nov 1, 1974·Behavioral Biology·I Kupfermann, T J Carew
Apr 1, 1983·Journal of Neurophysiology·S G RayportJ Babiarz
Mar 1, 1980·Journal of Neurophysiology·S H Tritt, J H Byrne
Oct 29, 1982·Science·E R Kandel, J H Schwartz
May 1, 1981·Behavioral and Neural Biology·L EberlyH Pinsker
Mar 15, 1963·Experientia·W PFEIFFER
Apr 1, 1951·The Psychiatric Quarterly·A J LEVIN
May 21, 1949·Lancet·B W LACEY

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 1, 1988·Brain Research Bulletin·M Kavaliers
Jan 1, 1992·Behavioural Processes·M D Suboski
Oct 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E T Walters
Oct 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R D HawkinsE R Kandel
Mar 10, 2004·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Janet L Leonard, John P Edstrom
Apr 26, 2016·Behavioural Processes·Megumi OshimaRobyn J Crook
Jan 1, 1989·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·B F CooperE T Walters
Jun 1, 1988·Journal of Neurobiology·W N FrostE R Kandel
Aug 14, 2012·Clinical Genetics·G MilinkeviciuteG Gregory Neely
Jun 1, 1997·Invertebrate Neuroscience : in·E T Walters, L B Cohen
Jan 1, 1989·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·J K Krontiris-LitowitzE T Walters
Sep 24, 2018·Neurobiology of Learning and Memory·Ushma PatelIrina E Calin-Jageman
Mar 29, 2013·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Tiffany Love-ChezemCharles D Derby
Dec 16, 2005·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Paul M JohnsonCharles D Derby

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Aphasia

Aphasia affects the ability to process language, including formulation and comprehension of language and speech, as well as the ability to read or write. Here is the latest research on aphasia.