Discerning differences: gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants

Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
Shawna M Henry

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a frequently encountered problem in infancy; it commonly resolves spontaneously by 12 months of age. Caregivers are challenged to discriminate between physiologic GER and the much less common and more serious condition of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Pathologic GERD may require more extensive clinical evaluation and necessitate treatment. GERD may be primary or secondary; secondary GERD is associated with a number of genetic syndromes, chromosomal abnormalities, birth defects, or a host of neurologic conditions frequently seen in the newborn intensive care unit. This article reviews the unique anatomic, physiologic, developmental, and nutritional vulnerabilities of infants that make them susceptible to GER and GERD. The North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition have recently developed a comprehensive evidence-based clinical practice guideline that structures the diagnostic approach and treatment option in infants with suspected and confirmed GERD. These guidelines provide clear definitions of GER and GERD to aid the clinician in distinguishing between the 2 conditions. They emphasize the use of history and physical examination and discuss the indica...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 8, 2008·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·J M MullinJ J Thornton
Jun 7, 2012·Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·Heather E Elser
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